20250620 Guardianship/Assistance Declaration Summary.docx

監護宣告／輔助宣告案彙整
Summary of Guardianship/Assistance Declarations

一、概述
1. Overview

項目 Item	監護宣告guardianship Guardianship Declaration	輔助宣告guardianship assistance Guardianship Assistance
意義 Meaning	對因精神障礙或其他心智缺陷，致不能為意思表示、受意思表示，或不能辨識其意思表示效果者，法院得依聲請為監護宣告。受監護宣告人為「無行為能力人」，其法律行為需由監護人代理。 For those who, due to mental disorders or other intellectual disabilities, are unable to express their intentions, receive expressions of intention, or recognize the effects of their expressions of intention, the court may declare guardianship upon application. A person under guardianship is considered "incapable of acting," and their legal acts must be represented by a guardian.	對因精神障礙或其他心智缺陷，致其為意思表示、受意思表示，或辨識其意思表示效果之能力顯有不足者，法院得依聲請為輔助宣告。受輔助宣告人為「限制行為能力人」，在特定法律行為上需輔助人同意。 For those who, due to mental disorders or other intellectual disabilities, have a clearly insufficient ability to express intentions, receive expressions of intention, or recognize the effects of their expressions of intention, the court may declare assistance upon application. A person under assistance is considered "partially capable of acting" and requires the consent of an assistant for specific legal acts.
法律行為能力 Legal Capacity	完全無行為能力，所有法律行為均無效，必須由監護人作為法定代理人處理。 Completely lacking capacity to act; all legal acts are invalid and must be handled by a guardian as a statutory agent.	屬限制行為能力人，日常生活所需及純獲法律上利益的行為可自行為之，特定重要法律行為（如借貸、不動產處分、訴訟等）需輔助人同意。 A person with limited capacity to act; acts necessary for daily life and those purely for legal benefits can be performed independently, but specific important legal acts (such as borrowing, real estate transactions, litigation, etc.) require the consent of an assistant.
需經同意的法律行為 Legal acts requiring consent	全部法律行為（無行為能力，皆需監護人代理） All legal acts (those without capacity to act require a guardian's representation)	需輔助人同意的行為包括： Acts requiring the consent of an assistant include: －擔任公司或法人負責人－Serving as a company or corporate officer －消費借貸、保證、贈與、信託－Consumer loans, guarantees, gifts, trusts －訴訟、和解、調解、仲裁－Litigation, settlement, mediation, arbitration －重要財產（如不動產、汽車）買賣、抵押、租賃－Sale, mortgage, lease of important property (such as real estate, automobiles) －遺產分割、拋棄繼承、特定指定行為－Inheritance division, renunciation of inheritance, specific designated acts
日常生活行為 Daily life activities	不得自為任何法律行為，需監護人代理。 May not perform any legal acts by oneself and requires a guardian to act on one's behalf.	可自行為，無需輔助人同意。 May act independently without the consent of an assistant.
法律依據 Legal Basis	民法第14條、第15條 Articles 14 and 15 of the Civil Code	民法第15條之1、第15條之2 Article 15-1 and Article 15-2 of the Civil Code
適用個案 Applicable Cases	如嚴重失智、長期昏迷、重度智能障礙。 Such as severe dementia, long-term coma, severe intellectual disability.	如輕度智能障礙、部分失智。 Such as mild intellectual disability, partial dementia.

二、程序要件
II. Procedural Requirements

項目 Item	監護宣告 Guardianship Declaration	輔助宣告 Assistance Declaration
管轄法院 Jurisdictional Court	受監護宣告人住所地之地方法院 District Court of the Ward's Residence	受輔助宣告人住所地之地方法院 District Court of the Assisted Person's Residence
聲請權人 Petitioner	本人、配偶、四親等內親屬、最近一年有同居事實之其他親屬、檢察官、主管機關或社會福利機構 Myself, spouse, relatives within the fourth degree of kinship, other relatives who have cohabited within the past year, prosecutors, competent authorities, or social welfare agencies	同左 Same as above
基本流程 Basic process	1. 準備聲請文件 1. Prepare the application documents 2. 向法院提出聲請 2. Submit an application to the court 3. 法院審理、安排精神鑑定 3. Court hearing and arrangement of psychiatric evaluation 4. 法院裁定 4. Court ruling 5. 指定監護人 5. Appointment of a guardian	1. 準備聲請文件 1. Prepare application documents 2. 向法院提出聲請 2. Submit the application to the court 3. 法院審理、安排精神鑑定 3. Court hearing and arrangement of psychiatric evaluation 4. 法院裁定 4. Court ruling 5. 指定輔助人 5. Appointment of a Guardian
應備文件 Required Documents	- 聲請狀 - Petition - 受監護宣告人、聲請人、擬任監護人、會同開具財產清冊人之戶籍謄本 - Household registration transcripts of the person under guardianship declaration, the petitioner, the proposed guardian, and the person jointly preparing the inventory of assets - 醫師診斷證明或身心障礙證明 - Medical diagnosis certificate or disability certificate - 有意擔任監護人及會同開具財產清冊人意願書 - Statement of willingness to serve as guardian and to jointly prepare an inventory of assets - 親屬同意書（如有） - Consent form from relatives (if any) - 其他法院要求之文件 - Other documents required by the court	- 聲請狀 - Petition - 受輔助宣告人、聲請人、擬任輔助人之戶籍謄本 - Household registration transcripts of the assisted person, petitioner, and proposed assistant - 醫師診斷證明或身心障礙證明 - Medical diagnosis certificate or disability certificate - 其他法院要求之文件 - Other documents required by the court
費用 Costs	- 聲請費用新台幣1,000元 - Application fee: NT$1,000 - 精神鑑定費用（約8,000元至35,000元，依醫院規定） - Psychiatric evaluation fee (approximately NT$8,000 to NT$35,000, depending on hospital regulations)	- 聲請費用新台幣1,000元 - Application fee: NT$1,000 - 精神鑑定費用（依醫院規定） - Psychiatric evaluation fees (according to hospital regulations)
法院程序重點 Key points of court procedure	- 法院會委請專業醫師進行精神鑑定 - The court will appoint a professional doctor to conduct a psychiatric evaluation - 法院裁定後選任監護人及會同開具財產清冊人 - After the court's ruling, a guardian will be appointed and a property inventory will be jointly prepared	- 法院會委請專業醫師進行精神鑑定 - The court will commission a professional doctor to conduct a psychiatric evaluation - 法院裁定後選任輔助人 - The court will appoint an assistant after ruling
審理時間參考 Reference for trial duration	約6～10個月 Approximately 6 to 10 months	視個案複雜度而定 Depending on the complexity of the case

三、其他相關補充資料
3. Other related supplementary materials

戶籍謄本如聲請人在國外，委託書應經駐外使館、代表處或辦事處驗證。
If the applicant is abroad, the household registration transcript and power of attorney should be notarized by the overseas embassy, representative office, or liaison office.

法院委任狀建議也經駐外使館、代表處或辦事處驗證。
It is also recommended that the court's letter of appointment be notarized by the overseas embassy, representative office, or liaison office.

其他法院要求親屬同意書，可用授權刻章之方式為之，但仍依法院要求而定。
Other courts require a consent form from relatives, which can be done by using an authorized seal, but it still depends on the court's requirements.