Time Management 时间管理

Overview 概述

Time management is a key skill to develop as a grad student. Graduate projects tend to be longer and larger than most work that's done in undergraduate programs; work on one project can extend for months (or semesters) rather than just a few weeks.
时间管理是研究生需要培养的关键技能。研究生项目通常比本科课程中的大多数工作更长、规模更大；单个项目的工作可能持续数月（或学期），而不是仅仅几周。
Grad students will need to balance work and families with competing priorities including regular classwork, special projects, and original research.
研究生需要平衡工作与家庭，同时还要兼顾常规课程、特色项目以及原创研究等优先事项。
Learning to work effectively and efficiently will empower you to strike a good balance, but it's important to remember that everyone's balance looks different. Below are a few tools and ideas to help you overcome procrastination and decision paralysis.
学会高效工作，你就能找到良好的平衡点，但记住，每个人的平衡状态都不同。以下是一些工具和想法，可以帮助你克服拖延症和决策瘫痪。
Fellow classmates and professors are also good sources for advice about time and energy management.
同学和教授也是关于时间和精力管理的良好建议来源。

Procrastination and Graduate Students
拖延与研究生

Where do the hours go? article from the American Psychological Association
《小时去哪儿了？》美国心理学会的文章

Pomodoro Technique 番茄工作法

The Pomodoro Technique is a popular method to overcome procrastination and get over the initial inertia of starting a project. First, you make a list of all your tasks. Second, pick the one you most want to make progress on and set a timer for 25 minutes.
番茄工作法是一种流行的克服拖延症并克服开始项目初始惰性的方法。首先，列出所有任务。其次，选择你最想取得进展的那一项，设置 25 分钟的计时器。
Third, work on your chosen task until the timer goes off. Finally, take a five-minute break before beginning another round. After every four pomodoros, take a longer break. Watch the video on the left for more explanation.
第三，专注完成所选任务直到计时器响起。最后，在开始下一轮前休息五分钟。每完成四个番茄钟，就应进行更长时间的休息。点击左侧视频获取更多说明。

The keys that make this simple method effective are twofold. First, you must eliminate all distractions during your work time, e.g., no looking at your phone, sending emails, or talking to others. The best progress is made with uninterrupted attention.
让这个简单方法有效的关键有两个。首先，工作时间内必须消除所有干扰，例如不看手机、发送电子邮件或与他人交谈。全神贯注能带来最佳进展。
It takes 15+ minutes to refocus after each distraction. Second, it is hard to start projects because they seem large and will take a long time to finish. Recognize that you do not have to finish a whole project, but the real goal is to make progress.
每次分心后需要 15 分钟以上才能重新集中注意力。其次，启动项目很难，因为它们看起来庞大且耗时很长。认识到不必完成整个项目，真正目标是取得进展。
It is easier to say I will work for 25-minutes, and then I can take a break. This amount of time makes it seem more manageable and thus easier to do. You will be amazed at how much work can be finished in a focused 25-minute session.
说“我会专注工作 25 分钟，然后休息”更容易。这段时长让人觉得更易管理，从而更愿意执行。你会惊讶于在专注的 25 分钟内能完成多少工作。

Ideas to Break the Procrastination Cycle
打破拖延循环的妙招

Stopping the Procrastination Cycle
停止拖延循环Procrastination is a problem for most people (whether they admit it or not). Time and time again, people procrastinate, hate themselves for it, swear to never procrastinate again, and ultimately en…
拖延是大多数人的问题（无论他们是否承认）。一次又一次，人们拖延，为此责备自己，发誓再也不拖延，最终却……

Quick Tip #3: Strategies to Stop Procrastinating
小贴士#3：停止拖延的策略 It’s 10 p.m. on a school night. You’re curled up in bed, watching your new favorite show on Netflix. Just as you’re about to start the next episode, your phone buzzes. It&…
晚上 10 点，是学校作业时间。你蜷缩在床上，看着 Netflix 上最爱的节目。正当你准备看下一集时，手机突然震动。它&…

Keeping the Chaos Organized: How to Use a Bullet Journal
保持混乱有序：如何使用子弹日记Editor’s Note: If you notice this post ties in thematically to Monday’s post, you are correct! Many of us have been enraptured by Marlene’s bullet journal illustrations at the wri…
编辑笔记：如果你发现这篇文章在主题上与周一的文章相关，你是对的！我们很多人都被 Marlene 的子弹日记插图迷住了…

Eisenhower Matrix 艾森豪威尔矩阵

The Eisenhower Matrix is a popular tool to help prioritize tasks by urgency and importance to see what you should do first. It is also called the Urgent-Important Matrix. Every time you get a task, you should consider which category it falls in: do first, schedule, delegate, and don't do.
艾森豪威尔矩阵是一个流行的工具，通过紧急程度和重要性来帮助优先处理任务，以确定你应该首先做什么。它也被称为紧急重要矩阵。每当你接到一个任务时，你应该考虑它属于哪个类别：立即执行、安排时间、委派和不做。
Using this matrix will allow you to track how you spend your time and make changes to reflect your priorities, ensuring that you balance self-care with your personal and professional goals.
使用这个矩阵将帮助你追踪你的时间分配，并根据你的优先事项进行调整，确保你在自我关照与个人及职业目标之间取得平衡。

SMART Goals SMART 目标法

Setting goals in writing that are Specific, Measureable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Oriented (SMART) is increasingly important as you enter graduate-level work. Large goals--such as "write my thesis"--seem daunting and impossible, but SMART goals can help you break down the task into manageable chunks.
随着你进入研究生阶段学习，设定具体、可衡量、可实现、相关且有时限（SMART）的写作目标变得越来越重要。宏大的目标——比如“完成我的论文”——看起来令人望而生畏且不可能完成，但 SMART 目标能帮你将任务分解成可管理的部分。
The presentation to the left from the University of Kansas Writing Center shows how SMART goals can be established when creating a semester plan for your writing tasks. Walden University also provides additional information about Developing SMART Goals.
堪萨斯大学写作中心左侧的演示展示了如何在创建学期写作计划时建立 SMART 目标。伍德兰大学也提供了关于制定 SMART 目标的额外信息。