Information for Authors 作者信息

• Manuscript Preparation  稿件准备
  • Article Types  制品类型
  • Joint Submissions  联合划界案
  • Content Guidelines  内容准则
  • Technical Format and Style Guidelines
    技术格式和风格指南
• Manuscript Submission and Resubmission
  稿件提交和重新提交
  • Submission  提交
  • Resubmission  重新提交
• Review Process  审查进程
  • Review Procedure for a Comment
    评论审查程序
• Post Acceptance  验收后
  • Publicity  宣传
  • Publication Charges and Reprints
    出版收费和重印
  • Open Access Publishing Options
    开放存取出版选项

Manuscript Preparation 稿件准备

To find information regarding our standard peer-review practices, please consult the Editorial Policies and Practices; otherwise, the following guidelines provide an overview of content, technical, and style requirements for preparing manuscripts for submission to the Physical Review journals. For comprehensive guidelines, please consult the Physical Review Style and Notation Guide, Frequently used Memos, and other indicated guidelines, as well as recent issues of the specific journals.
要了解有关我们的标准同行评审实践的信息，请参阅编辑政策和实践;否则，以下指南提供了准备提交给物理评论期刊的手稿的内容，技术和风格要求的概述。有关全面的指南，请参阅物理评论风格和符号指南，常用备忘录，和其他指示的指南，以及特定期刊的最新一期。

Article Types 制品类型

Physical Review A publishes Regular Articles, Letters, Perspectives, Comments, and Errata.
Physical Review A出版常规文章、信件、观点、评论和勘误表。

The scientific content of manuscripts submitted to all sections of the Journal is judged by the same criteria. The sections are distinguished by the different purposes for which the papers are intended. Each paper, except an Erratum, must have an abstract. The length limits for different article types are indicated in the following table. For information on how to estimate length, see the Length Guide. Although there is no limit to the length for a Regular Article/Research Article, the appropriate length for a paper depends on the information it contains.
提交给《日刊》各部分的稿件的科学内容按同样的标准进行评判。这些章节的区别在于论文的不同目的。除勘误外，每篇论文都必须有摘要。不同文章类型的长度限制如下表所示。有关如何估计长度的信息，请参见《长度指南》。虽然常规文章/研究文章的长度没有限制，但论文的适当长度取决于它所包含的信息。

Letters are meant for particularly important results that are accessible in a short format. Importance will be assessed based on current interest and significance of the advance to the field. Authors may follow a Letter with a more complete account as a Regular Article. Letters receive priority handling, so authors should justify the need for publication in this format in their submission letter.
信件是指特别重要的结果，可以以简短的格式访问。重要性将根据当前的兴趣和推进油田的重要性进行评估。作者可以在一封信之后写一篇更完整的文章。信件优先处理，因此作者应在提交信中说明以这种格式发表的必要性。

Perspectives are forward-looking articles that address an emerging topic or subfield of interest to the journal. They should help scientists already active in the field to obtain a broader view of the subject, and provide those not yet active in the field with an overview of the state of the art as well as an outlook on avenues for progress. Perspectives are expected to contain a brief review section and a summary of current activity in the field, as well as a substantial part that elaborates on open challenges and future developments. We do not intend to consider white papers, opinion pieces, or articles exclusively focused on review of previous work
观点是前瞻性的文章，解决了一个新兴的主题或感兴趣的子领域的杂志。它们应帮助已经在该领域活跃的科学家对这一主题有更广泛的认识，并向尚未在该领域活跃的科学家提供最新技术的概况以及对取得进展的途径的展望。展望部分预计将包含一个简短的回顾部分和一个关于该领域当前活动的摘要，以及一个阐述公开挑战和未来发展的实质性部分。我们不打算考虑白色文件，意见片，或专门集中在审查以前的工作的文章

Perspectives are invited by the editors, but interested authors may send one page proposals and presubmission inquiries to pra@aps.org.
编辑邀请观点，但感兴趣的作者可以发送一页的建议和提交前查询到pra@aps.org。

Comments criticize or correct papers by other authors that were previously published in Physical Review A. Each Comment should contain an abstract and should state clearly the paper to which it refers. To be considered for publication, a Comment must be written in a collegial tone (free from polemics) and must be pertinent and without errors. While Comments may criticize the work, they should not criticize the work’s authors. Comments should not reiterate previously published disagreements. A Reply to a Comment must also conform to these requirements. A Reply should not solely restate information in the original paper. A Comment and Reply are crosslinked on the website.
评论批评或纠正其他作者先前在Physical Review A上发表的论文。每份评论应包含摘要，并应明确说明所指的论文。要考虑发表，评论必须以合议的语气（没有争论）撰写，并且必须相关且没有错误。虽然评论可以批评作品，但不应该批评作品的作者。评论不应重申以前发表的分歧。对评论的回复也必须符合这些要求。回复不应仅仅重述原始论文中的信息。评论和回复在网站上交叉。

Errata notify readers about errors or omissions in previously published papers. See more details about Errata.
勘误表通知读者以前发表的论文中的错误或遗漏。查看更多关于Errata的详细信息。

Joint Submissions 联合划界案

When submitting a Letter to PRL, authors may consider simultaneously submitting a longer version of the Letter to one of the topical Physical Review journals. That longer version should provide a substantially increased understanding of the subject; otherwise, the use of Supplemental Material may be better.
当提交一封信PRL，作者可以考虑同时提交一个较长版本的信的主题物理评论期刊之一。较长的版本应该提供对主题的实质性增加的理解;否则，使用补充材料可能会更好。

The submission of an expanded version of a PRL to a topical Physical Review journal is an established practice that provides readers with easier access to important additional information. If authors simultaneously submit a Letter to PRL and a regular paper to one of the Physical Review journals, the two manuscripts are then reviewed coherently, typically by the same referees. If both manuscripts receive favorable reviews, the journals aim to publish them at the same time, unless this leads to undue delay for one of the papers. We also ensure that the paper and the Letter cite each other.
将PRL的扩展版本提交给专题物理评论期刊是一种既定的做法，它为读者提供了更容易获得重要附加信息的途径。如果作者同时向PRL提交了一封信，并向其中一个物理评论期刊提交了一篇常规论文，那么这两篇手稿通常由相同的审稿人进行一致的评审。如果两篇论文都获得好评，期刊的目标是同时发表它们，除非这导致其中一篇论文的不适当延迟。我们还确保论文和信函相互引用。

When submitting manuscripts for consideration as joint publications, alert the editors by mentioning the companion manuscripts in the cover letter.
当提交手稿供考虑作为联合出版物时，在封面信中提到配套手稿，提醒编辑。

Content Guidelines 内容准则

Readability and Accessibility: Take special care to ensure that manuscripts are well organized, clearly written in scientific English, and written in a style consistent with that of the Physical Review journals. It is not possible for editors to undertake extensive corrections of manuscripts, due to time constraints and the risk that the authors’ meaning might be distorted. If your first language is not English, consider seeking help from a native English speaker when writing your manuscript.
可读性和可访问性：特别注意确保稿件组织良好，用科学英语清晰地书写，并以与《物理评论》期刊一致的风格书写。由于时间限制和作者的意思可能被歪曲的风险，编辑不可能对手稿进行广泛的更正。如果你的第一语言不是英语，在写作时考虑向母语为英语的人寻求帮助。

Alternatively, you could use APS Author Services to make your manuscript publication ready.
或者，您可以使用APS作者服务，使您的手稿出版准备。

Direct the manuscript text at a general readership, so as to make it understandable to a broad spectrum of researchers. Physical Review editors recommend avoiding jargon and the excessive use of acronyms, even for commonly used terms. If jargon and acronyms are necessary, please define them in the text. Also, avoid the introduction of new terminology except when needed to convey a unique or nuanced meaning.
将手稿文本指向一般读者，以便使其能够被广泛的研究人员所理解。《物理评论》的编辑们建议避免使用行话和过度使用首字母缩略词，即使是常用的术语。如果需要使用术语和缩略语，请在正文中加以定义。此外，避免引入新术语，除非需要传达独特或微妙的含义。

To enhance readability, display all but the simplest equations, rather than including them as inline text. Format figures and tables such that their content and details are readable when they are sized for the journal page. The size of the smallest capital letters and numerals should be at least 2 mm.
为了增强可读性，除了最简单的公式之外，显示所有公式，而不是将它们作为内联文本包含在内。设置图表的格式，使其内容和详细信息在按期刊页面调整大小时可读。最小的大写字母和数字的大小应至少为2 mm。

Physical Review editors ask authors to proofread papers prior to submission, to eliminate grammatical errors, misspellings, and omission of symbols.
《物理评论》的编辑要求作者在提交论文之前进行校对，以消除语法错误、拼写错误和符号遗漏。

General Content: Clearly state the relation of the submitted manuscript to previously published work, including papers, meeting abstracts, and conference proceedings. (Preprints and internal laboratory reports are not considered publications.) If the results reported in the manuscript correct, supplement, or supersede previous results, state this advance. Distinguish your results from those previously obtained.
一般内容：清楚地说明所提交的手稿与以前发表的工作的关系，包括论文，会议摘要和会议记录。（预印本和内部实验室报告不被视为出版物。如果手稿中报告的结果正确、补充或取代了以前的结果，请说明这一进展。把你的结果和以前得到的结果区分开来。

Material previously published in an abbreviated form—such as a Letter, a Rapid Communication (discontinued), or a conference proceeding—may provide a useful basis for a more detailed article in one of the Physical Review journals. Such an article should present considerably more information than contained in the abbreviated publication, and it should lead to a substantially improved understanding of the subject. Publication of ongoing work in a series of papers should be avoided in favor of a single comprehensive article.
以前以缩写形式发表的材料，如一封信，一个快速通信（已停止），或会议记录，可以为一个更详细的文章在物理评论杂志之一提供有用的基础。这样的文章应提供比简略出版物中所载的更多的信息，并应大大提高对这一主题的理解。应避免在一系列论文中发表正在进行的工作，而应倾向于一篇全面的文章。

Length 长度

Length limits vary among the Physical Review journals. Each journal’s length limits are indicated in the following table.
物理评论期刊的长度限制各不相同。每个日志的长度限制如下表所示。

The Physical Review journals require authors to abide by the length guidelines. An automatic count of the length of each manuscript is made upon submission. If this count indicates that the manuscript’s length exceeds the journal’s limit, staff will more carefully calculate the length. Authors will be asked to shorten overlength manuscripts prior to review. The length restriction applies to all versions of a manuscript. Upon acceptance for publication, the length of a manuscript may be re-evaluated and cuts may be requested prior to production. More edits may be necessary when the article is composed into journal pages; this process may cause a delay in publication of the article.
《物理评论》杂志要求作者遵守篇幅准则。投稿时会自动计算每篇稿件的长度。如果这个计数表明手稿的长度超过了期刊的限制，工作人员将更仔细地计算长度。作者将被要求缩短过长的手稿之前审查。长度限制适用于手稿的所有版本。在接受出版后，手稿的长度可能会重新评估，并在生产之前可能会要求削减。当文章被组成期刊页面时，可能需要更多的编辑;这个过程可能会导致文章出版的延迟。

For a more detailed explanation of length limits, please consult the journals’ Length Limit Guide.
有关长度限制的更详细说明，请参阅期刊的长度限制指南。

Titles 标题

Titles should be concise and informative, clearly stating the main findings of the manuscript. Avoid using new terminology, hyperboles assessing the quality of the work (“precise,” “important,” or “accurate”), proper nouns and brand names (name of equipment, people, or places), and coined words. Titles of manuscripts submitted to the Comments section have the format ‘Comment on “Title of the original paper”.’ Please consult the Physical Review Style and Notation Guide for a comprehensive reference to style and format requirements for titles.
标题应简明扼要，内容丰富，清楚地说明手稿的主要发现。避免使用新的术语、评估工作质量的夸张词（“精确”、“重要”或“准确”）、专有名词和品牌名称（设备、人员或地点的名称）以及杜撰的词语。提交到评论部分的手稿标题的格式为“对原始论文标题的评论”。请参阅物理评论风格和符号指南，以全面参考标题的风格和格式要求。

Abstracts 摘要

Abstracts should concisely summarize the subjects, conclusions, and results of the manuscript. In the abstracts of experimental papers, specify the quantities measured and objects studied and clearly describe the experimental conditions. Avoid coined words and unexplained acronyms. Abstracts should be self-contained and should not include footnotes or citations to references, as abstracts are reprinted in abstracting journals and databases where such information is not useful. Note that Comments and Replies submitted to PRL do not require abstracts.
摘要应简明扼要地总结论文的主题、结论和结果。在实验论文的摘要中，应详细说明测量的量和研究的对象，并清楚地描述实验条件。避免生造的单词和无法解释的缩略词。摘要应是独立的，不应包括脚注或引用参考文献，因为摘要在摘要期刊和数据库中转载，这些信息没有用处。请注意，提交给PRL的评论和回复不需要摘要。

Supplemental Material 补充材料

Supplemental Material is information that is useful to a subset of readers but is not essential to comprehend the article’s main results. The Physical Review journals archive Supplemental Material, providing permanent access to the information. Supplemental Material includes, but is not limited to, multimedia files, tables of raw or analyzed data, parameters used in or produced by calculations, and computer codes. Information regarding how the research was conducted, such as details of sample preparation, and derivations of equations, can also be included in the Supplemental Material if this information is not crucial to a reader’s understanding of the associated paper. The paper must stand on its own; it must be understandable and convincing without the Supplemental Material. These file formats are acceptable for Supplemental Material.
补充材料是对一部分读者有用的信息，但对理解文章的主要结果并不重要。《物理评论》期刊存档补充材料，提供对信息的永久访问。补充材料包括但不限于多媒体文件、原始或分析数据表、计算中使用或产生的参数以及计算机代码。有关如何进行研究的信息，如样品制备的细节和方程的推导，也可以包括在补充材料中，如果这些信息对读者理解相关论文并不重要。论文必须独立，在没有补充材料的情况下，它必须是可理解的和令人信服的。这些文件格式可用于补充材料。

Supplemental Material is subject to the same copyright agreement as the associated paper. Follow the guidelines in the copyright agreement for the published manuscript when replicating information included in the Supplemental Material.
补充材料受与相关论文相同的版权协议约束。在复制补充材料中包含的信息时，请遵循已发表手稿版权协议中的指导原则。

Do not use Supplemental Material to avoid a length limit; often, a short paper accompanied by a lengthy supplement is not appropriate. Editors use their judgment to decide if a longer manuscript with all material integrated into the main text is required. The editors may seek guidance in this decision from the referees who review the manuscript and Supplemental Material. In a longer format manuscript, it may be best to present additional material as an appendix to the main article, rather than as Supplemental Material. In general, Supplemental Material should not accompany Comments, Replies, or Errata. List all references cited in the Supplemental Material in the main text.
不要使用补充材料，以避免长度限制;通常，一个简短的文件伴随着冗长的补充是不合适的。编辑根据自己的判断来决定是否需要一份较长的手稿，将所有材料整合到正文中。编辑可以向审稿人和补充材料的审稿人寻求指导。在较长格式的手稿中，最好将附加材料作为主要文章的附录，而不是作为补充材料。一般而言，补充材料不应与评论、回复或勘误表一起提供。在正文中列出补充材料中引用的所有参考文献。

Cite the manuscript’s Supplemental Material in the reference list as follows:
在参考文献列表中引用手稿的补充材料，如下所示：

See Supplemental Material at [URL will be inserted by publisher] for [give brief description of material].
参见[给予材料的简要描述]的补充材料[URL将由出版商插入]。

All files related to a published paper are stored as a single deposit and assigned a Supplemental Material URL. This URL appears in the article’s reference list.
与已发表论文相关的所有文件都存储为单个存款，并分配一个补充材料URL。此URL出现在文章的参考列表中。

See Supplemental Material Instructions for more information.
有关详细信息，请参阅补充材料说明。

Technical Format and Style Guidelines
技术格式和风格指南

References and footnotes
参考资料和脚注

Combine references and footnotes to text material in a single list, and number the items consecutively in the order in which they are cited. Designate references and footnotes in the text with inline numerals in square brackets.
将联合收割机的参考文献和脚注与文本材料合并在一个列表中，并按照引用的顺序连续编号。用方括号内的数字指定文本中的参考文献和脚注。

Physical Review A allows footnotes to appear separately from references. Footnotes are placed at the bottom of the page on which they are cited. They are designated with superscript numbers and numbered consecutively throughout the paper. Footnotes within tables should be designated with lower-case letter superscripts and given at the end of the table.
Physical Review A允许脚注与参考文献分开出现。脚注放在引用它们的页面的底部。它们用上标数字表示，并在整个文件中连续编号。表中的脚注应使用小写字母上标，并在表末注明。

The full author list of cited papers should be given in the references, except when the number exceeds 10 (for Physical Review Physics Education Research the limit is 3). When citations are made to internal reports, other items not available in the published literature, or unpublished work, it is the responsibility of the author to provide sufficient information to enable the reader to obtain a copy of the cited material. Citations to papers published in peer-reviewed journals are considered primary references. Citations to e-print archives should not be used in place of primary references. Citations to classified reports or other documents with restricted circulation should be avoided. All citations, including those cited in figure and table captions, should be listed in the reference section.
引用论文的完整作者名单应在参考文献中给出，除非数量超过10（对于物理评论物理教育研究，限制为3）。当引用内部报告、已发表文献中未提供的其他项目或未发表的作品时，作者有责任提供足够的信息，使读者能够获得引用材料的副本。引用同行评审期刊上发表的论文被视为主要参考文献。电子印刷品档案的引用不应用于替代主要参考文献。应避免引用机密报告或其他限制分发的文件。所有引用，包括图和表格标题中引用的，应在参考文献部分列出。

It is important to confirm the accuracy of the bibliographic information in the references. Links will be added to the cited document. If reference citations are incorrect or incomplete (e.g., missing author name, or an incorrect volume number or page), the associated links may fail.
确认参考文献中书目信息的准确性是很重要的。链接将添加到引用的文件。如果参考文献引用不正确或不完整（例如，缺少作者姓名，或不正确的卷号或页码），相关链接可能会失败。

Physical Review encourages authors to include titles for all references as an aid to the reader. If this format is used, it must be applied to all references. Please note that Physical Review X, PRX Energy, PRX Life, PRX Quantum, Physical Review Research, Physical Review Applied, and Physical Review Fluids require all references to include titles.
《物理评论》鼓励作者在所有参考文献中包括标题，以帮助读者。如果使用此格式，则必须将其应用于所有引用。请注意，Physical Review X、PRX Energy、PRX Life、PRX Quantum、Physical Review Research、Physical Review Applied和Physical Review Fluids要求所有引用都包含标题。

Byline and Affiliations 署名和附属机构

Bylines: The names of authors and their professional affiliations must be given in the byline at the beginning of a manuscript. If the number of authors exceeds 40, the authors will be listed in the Table of Contents as, e.g., A. Jones et al. The author who submits the manuscript is responsible for ensuring that all listed authors approve the inclusion of their names, and for checking that each name is written in the format normally used by that author.
署名：作者的姓名和他们的专业联系必须在手稿开头的署名中给出。如果作者人数超过40人，作者将在目录中列出，例如，A.提交手稿的作者负责确保所有列出的作者都同意将其姓名包括在内，并检查每个姓名是否以该作者通常使用的格式书写。

Formatting Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Author Names: Authors with Chinese, Japanese, or Korean names can display their names in their own language alongside the English versions of their names (see Editorial: Which Wei Wang?). If this option is chosen, please include a note in the cover letter and check the appropriate box on the Submissions server when submitting or resubmitting the manuscript. Please check the PDF produced by the Submissions server to ensure the names appear correctly. Also, carefully check any production proofs you receive prior to the publication of your paper.
中文、日文和韩文作者名：中文、日文或韩文作者名可以用自己的语言显示自己的名字，同时显示他们名字的英文版本（见社论：哪个王伟？）。如果选择此选项，请在求职信中注明，并在提交或重新提交稿件时选中投稿服务器上的相应复选框。请检查提交服务器生成的PDF，以确保名称正确显示。此外，在论文发表之前，请仔细检查您收到的任何生产证明。

The following font styles are used by the Physical Review journals to typeset Chinese, Japanese, or Korean characters: SongMT (Simplified Chinese); SungMT (Traditional Chinese); MS Mincho (Japanese); Batang (Korean). To add Chinese, Japanese, and Korean author names to Microsoft Word files, add the characters in parentheses after each author’s name. Please use standard Microsoft fonts for the characters. For manuscripts prepared using TeX, use REVTeX 4 and the CJK language package for LaTeX. The Physical Review journals support the following CJK package encodings: GB, Big5, GBK, and UTF 8 (Chinese); JIS, SJIS (Shift-JIS), and UTF8 (Japanese); KS and UTF8 (Korean). Note, if using UTF-8, the \CJKfamily macro may be needed when processing the file on a local machine. The macros are: \CJKfamily{gbsn} (Simplified Chinese); \CJKfamily{bsmi} (Traditional Chinese); \CJKfamily{min} (Japanese); \CJKfamily{mj} (Korean). If needed, it is possible to call \CJKfamily more than once, for example, to properly typeset both a Japanese and a Korean name. Before submitting the manuscript, comment out all \CJKfamily macro calls. The CJK markup is as follows:
《物理评论》期刊使用以下字体样式来键入中文、日文或韩文字符：SongMT（简体中文）; SungMT（繁体中文）; MS Mincho（日文）;巴塘（韩文）。若要将中文、日文和韩文作者姓名添加到Microsoft Word文件中，请在每个作者姓名后添加括号中的字符。请使用标准Microsoft字体的字符。对于使用TeX编写的手稿，请使用REVTeX 4和用于LaTeX的CJK语言包。Physical Review期刊支持以下CJK包编码：GB、Big 5、GBK和UTF 8（中文）; JIS、SJIS（Shift-JIS）和UTF 8（日文）; KS和UTF 8（韩文）。注意，如果使用UTF-8，在本地计算机上处理文件时可能需要\CJK family宏。这些宏是：\CJK family {gbsn}（简体中文）; \CJK family {bsmi}（繁体中文）; \CJK family {min}（日语）; \CJK family {mj}（韩语）。 如果需要，可以多次调用\CJK family，例如，正确键入日语和韩语名称。在提交手稿之前，注释掉所有\CJK系列宏调用。 CJK标记如下：

Put \usepackage{CJK} after the \documentclass line    
\begin{CJK*}{}{} after the \begin{document} line
\end{CJK*} after the \maketitle line.

For example: 举例来说：

\documentclass[aps,prl,preprint]{revtex4}
\usepackage{CJK}
....
\begin{document}
\begin{CJK*}{GB}{} % Use default fonts from CJK (see below)
\title{Title of Paper}
\author{Your Name (characters)}
\affiliation{Your affiliation}
...
\maketitle
\end{CJK*}

Formatting A Collaboration Author List: Collaborations of 50 or more authors are encouraged to use the SPIRES Collaboration Author Lists XML Format to submit author names. Please provide the ‘authors.xml file’ when submitting the manuscript.
SPIRES协作作者列表：鼓励50名或更多作者的协作使用SPIRES协作作者列表XML格式提交作者姓名。投稿时请提供“authors.xml文件”。

Collaborations may also use a TeX format for author names. In that case, use REVTeX 4 (or 4.2) for the text file, not Word or plain LaTeX, and name the files with a ‘.tex’ extension. To automatically link author names with affiliations, use the REVTeX 4 “superscriptaddress” document style as described in the REVTeX 4 sample template file. Please include the author list in the main text file of the submission (the one with the \begin{document} command). List each author on a different line and use the “\author” command. Only use standard LaTeX and REVTeX 4 commands in the author list. Completely remove collaboration members from the author list that are not to be listed as authors on the manuscript. The following example gives a portion of an acceptably coded TeX-format author list for a collaboration:
协作也可以使用TeX格式的作者姓名。在这种情况下，请使用REVTeX 4（或4.2）作为文本文件，而不是Word或纯LaTeX，并使用“.tex”扩展名命名文件。要自动将作者姓名与所属机构链接起来，请使用REVTeX 4“superscriptaddress”文档样式，如REVTeX 4示例模板文件中所述。请将作者列表包含在提交的主文本文件中（带有\开始{document}命令的文件）。在不同的行中列出每个作者，并使用“\author”命令。在作者列表中只使用标准的LaTeX和REVTeX 4命令。从作者列表中完全删除不作为稿件作者列出的协作成员。以下示例给出了协作的可接受编码的TEX格式作者列表的一部分：

\author{N.~Arnaud} \作者{N.~阿诺}
\author{J.~B'equilleux}  \作者{J.~贝奎勒
\author{A.~D’Orazio}  \作者{A.~多拉齐奥}
\affiliation{University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA}
\隶属关系{University of加州欧文分校，Irvine，加州92697，USA}
\author{M.~Davier}  \作者{M.~大卫}
\author{J.~Firmino da Costa}
\作者{J.~ Firmino da Costa}
\author{G.~Grosdidier}  \作者{G.~格罗斯迪迪埃}
\author{A.~H"ocker}  \作者{A.~霍克}
\affiliation{Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom}
\联系{Brunel University，乌克斯布里奇，Middlesex UB 8 3 PH，United Kingdom}
\collaboration{The Sample Collaboration}
【合作范例】
\noaffiliation  无联系

Affiliations of authors should be given without abbreviation. (Use Massachusetts Institute of Technology, not MIT.) Give the city, state, and zip code for U.S. addresses; add the country for other addresses. Affiliations must be institutions, not conferences, collaborations, or temporary meeting places.
作者所属单位不得缩写。(Use马萨诸塞州理工学院，而不是麻省理工学院。）给予美国地址的城市、州和邮政编码;其他地址加上国家。附属机构必须是机构，而不是会议，合作或临时会议场所。

If the authors are at different institutions, author names may be grouped by institution with the name of the institution following each group. If the authors are not grouped by institution, the names of institutions may be presented in a single list following the list of authors. A variant form for listing institutions links each author to their institution(s) unambiguously via a superscript numeral: Each institution is given a number, and the relevant number is then placed after each author’s name. Group (collaboration) names can be listed in addition to author names. The group name goes in parentheses after the list of authors and before the list of institutions. Please choose the most concise presentation.
如果作者在不同的机构，作者姓名可以按机构分组，每个组后面有机构的名称。如果作者未按机构分组，则机构名称可在作者列表后的单一列表中列出。另一种列出机构的变体形式通过上标数字将每个作者与其机构明确地联系起来：每个机构都有一个编号，然后将相关编号放在每个作者的名字之后。除了作者姓名外，还可以列出组（协作）名称。小组名称放在作者名单之后和机构名单之前的括号中。请选择最简洁的介绍。

Footnotes to an author’s name or address facilitate locating or communicating with an author. In many cases, it is helpful to identify an author as “spokesperson” or “author to whom correspondence should be addressed.” Footnotes giving email addresses of one or more corresponding authors are encouraged. Along with email addresses, authors are also encouraged to add their preferred pronouns (he/him/his, she/her/hers and they/them/theirs). Include information concerning research support in the acknowledgments. Footnotes describing an author’s position or title are not acceptable.
作者姓名或地址的脚注有助于查找作者或与作者沟通。在许多情况下，将作者确定为“发言人”或“信函应发给的作者”是有帮助的。鼓励在脚注中提供一个或多个相应作者的电子邮件地址。沿着电子邮件地址，作者也被鼓励添加他们喜欢的代词（他/他/他的，她/她的/她的和他们/他们的）。在报告中列入有关研究支助的信息。脚注描述作者的职位或头衔是不可接受的。

Place information concerning author contributions, such as statements of equal contributions, in a paragraph after the Acknowledgment section. For example, “A.B. and C.D. contributed equally to this work.” or “A.Z. and B.Y. conceptualized the work; C.X. conducted the experiments.”
将有关作者贡献的信息，如平等贡献的声明，放在致谢部分之后的一段中。例如，“A.B.及C.D.为这项工作做出了同样的贡献。”或“A.Z.和B.Y.概念化的工作; C.X.进行实验”。

Acknowledgments 致谢

Acknowledgments are a simple statement of thanks that appears at the end of a manuscript. They can recognize named individuals who contributed scientifically to the research of the paper; cite the funding agencies that provided financial support for the work; and note the affiliation of institutions in the byline. Acknowledgments to people precede those of financial support.
鸣谢是一个简单的感谢声明，出现在手稿的结尾。他们可以识别对论文研究做出科学贡献的命名个人;引用为工作提供财政支持的资助机构;并在署名中注明机构的从属关系。对人们的感谢先于对经济支持的感谢。

Acknowledgments may not recognize those who helped in preparing the paper; editors who handled the peer review of the paper; those who contributed general encouragement (family, friends); or those who provided services that were not directly part of the research. Acknowledgements may not include a dedication or a memorial.
致谢可能不承认那些帮助准备论文的人;处理论文同行评审的编辑;那些提供一般鼓励的人（家人，朋友）;或者那些提供不直接参与研究的服务的人。致谢不得包括献辞或纪念碑。

Acknowledge positions, titles, and awards only if they provided funding for the research and state the source of financial funding in such cases. Noting the date associated with an award is not appropriate.
承认职位，头衔和奖项，只有当他们提供资金的研究和国家的财政资金来源，在这种情况下。注意与裁决相关的日期是不适当的。

Notations and Mathematical Material
符号和数学材料

Keep notation clear, compact, and consistent with standard usage.
保持符号清晰、紧凑，并与标准用法保持一致。

Neatly format, punctuate, and align equations to bring out their structure. Number equations on the right. Punctuate mathematical expressions and displayed equations as part of the sentence. Use single-letter symbols for mathematical quantities in equations and expressions, with subscript or superscript indices or labels, if necessary. Replace a frequently repeated mathematical equation with a symbol. Use bracketing as necessary to ensure clarity. Note that the solidus (/) in fractions, for example 1/2a, means 1/(2a) and not (1/2)a. Do not use a center dot to indicate multiplication except for products of vectors, dyadics, and the like.
整齐地格式化、标点和对齐等式以显示其结构。右边的数字方程。标点符号的数学表达式和显示的公式作为句子的一部分。在公式和表达式中使用单字母符号表示数学量，必要时使用下标或上标索引或标签。用符号替换一个经常重复的数学公式。必要时使用括号法以确保清晰度。注意，分数中的固相线（1），例如1/2a，意味着1/（2a）而不是（1/2）a。不要用中心点来表示乘法，除了向量的乘积、二进制数等。

In general, three-vectors are set in roman boldface. Four or more vectors are usually set in lightface italic, but boldface is acceptable. Ordinary type is preferable when using Greek letters. Typographically distinguish matrices, operators, and other general quantities only to avoid confusion; in such cases use boldface or a caret.
一般来说，三个矢量以黑体字表示。四个或四个以上的向量通常以浅斜体设置，但粗体也可以接受。使用希腊字母时，最好使用普通字体。在印刷上区分矩阵、运算符和其他一般量只是为了避免混淆;在这种情况下使用黑体或插入符号。

The Physical Review Style and Notation Guide includes further details on notations and mathematical expressions, along with exceptions to these conventions.
物理复习风格和符号指南包括符号和数学表达式的进一步细节，沿着这些惯例的例外情况。

Symbols and Units 符号和单位

Physical Review style favors the use of metric SI units, as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Some include:
《物理评论》的风格倾向于使用公制SI单位，这是国际纯粹与应用物理联合会（IUPAP）和美国国家标准与技术研究所（NIST）推荐的。其中包括：

Physical Review follows the recommendations of the S.U.N. Commission of IUPAP on the symbols to be used for nuclides and their states.
物理评论遵循IUPAP的S.U.N.委员会关于用于核素及其状态的符号的建议。

Exceptions to these conventions and further details on Notations and Mathematical Equations are found in the Physical Review Style and Notation Guide.
关于这些惯例的解释以及关于符号和数学方程的更多细节可以在物理评论风格和符号指南中找到。

Tables and Figures 表和图

Tables are numbered (with roman numerals) in the order in which they appear in text. Give each table a caption that explains the contents of the table and that includes definition of symbols. Keep column headings simple and include units in these headings. Very simple and brief tabular material may appear in the text without a number or caption.
表格按其在文本中出现的顺序编号（用罗马数字）。给予每个表格一个标题，解释表格的内容，并包括符号的定义。保持列标题简单，并在这些标题中包括单位。非常简单和简短的表格材料可能会出现在文本中，没有数字或标题。

Use a single horizontal rule to separate the column headings from the entries in the table. Use horizontal space within the body of the table to separate broad groups of entries. Extra vertical space may be used between columns. Avoid vertical rules in tables. Use lower-case roman letters for footnotes placed at the bottom of a table.
使用一条水平线将列标题与表中的条目分隔开。在表体中使用水平空间来分隔条目的大组。在列之间可以使用额外的垂直空间。避免在表格中使用竖线。使用小写罗马字母作为放在表格底部的脚注。

If space allows, long data tables can be included directly in the manuscript, rather than in the Supplemental Material. This decision is influenced by whether readers can accurately obtain the data from a figure and by how many readers are likely to use the numbers. If experimental results are likely to be used as reference values by other authors, publication of the numbers is desirable. Extensive datasets may be deposited as Supplemental Material. If additional numerical data are available, include a statement regarding the availability of the data at the end of the manuscript, before the Acknowledgments. The statement should cite a reference that provides the information needed to access the data (e.g., name of repository, doi, etc.). See the Physical Review Style and Notation Guide for complete information regarding the proper form for data citations.
如果空间允许，长数据表可以直接包含在手稿中，而不是补充材料中。这一决定受到读者是否能准确地从数字中获得数据以及有多少读者可能使用这些数字的影响。如果实验结果有可能被其他作者用作参考值，则最好公布这些数字。广泛的数据集可以作为补充材料存放。如果有额外的数字数据可用，则在稿件结尾的致谢之前包括关于数据可用性的声明。声明应引用提供访问数据所需信息的引用（例如，存储库名称、DOI等）。有关数据引用的正确形式的完整信息，请参见物理评论风格和符号指南。

Figures should have a width of a 8.6 cm or 3 3/8 in, the width of a single manuscript column. Use a width of 1.5 or 2 columns for more detailed figures. Authors are required to submit all figures electronically for production. Preferred formats are .ps, .eps, .pdf, .jpg, and .png; refer to the manuscript Submission Guidelines below for more details. Number figures in the order in which they are referred to in the text.
数字的宽度应为8.6厘米或3 3/8英寸，即一个手稿栏的宽度。使用1.5列或2列的宽度以获得更详细的数字。作者必须以电子方式提交所有数字以供制作。首选格式为.ps、.eps、.pdf、.jpg和.png;更多详细信息，请参阅下面的稿件提交指南。按文中提到的顺序给数字编号。

Give each figure a caption that clearly summarizes the contents of the figure. Define figure symbols and curves either in a legend in the figure itself or in the caption. Label subfigures (a), (b), etc., and include a description of each panel given in the caption. If possible, submit figures with multiple panels as one file.
给予每幅图一个标题，清楚地概括图的内容。在图形本身的图例或标题中定义图形符号和曲线。标记子图（a）、（b）等，并包括标题中给出的每个面板的描述。如果可能的话，将多个面板作为一个文件提交。

Format figures such that their content and details are readable when they are sized for the journal page. Make the height of the smallest capital letters and numerals at least 2 mm and make the diameter of each data point at least 1 mm. Make a curve’s linewidth at least 0.18 mm (0.5 point). Avoid small open symbols, shading, and cross-hatching in figures.
格式的数字，使其内容和细节是可读的，当他们的大小为杂志页。使最小的大写字母和数字的高度至少为2 mm，每个数据点的直径至少为1 mm。使曲线的线宽至少为0.18 mm（0.5点）。避免在图形中使用小的开放符号、阴影和交叉影线。

Label figure axes with the quantities plotted and place units in parentheses after the quantity. Keep the style of figures and text consistent. See the Physical Review Style and Notation Guide and Axis Labels and Scales on Graphs for more information on how to style figure axes.
用绘制的数量标记地物轴，并将单位放在数量后面的括号中。保持图形和文字的风格一致。有关如何设置图形轴样式的详细信息，请参见《Physical Review Style and Notation Guide》和《Axis Labels and Scales on Graphs》。

Submit photographic images (either grayscale or color) as high-resolution .jpg or .png files. Avoid submitting prescreened (scanned) images of photographic material as they may not have sufficient resolution. If scanned images have to be used, make scans with as high a resolution as possible (preferably 600 dpi or higher) and then scale the figure to its final size.
提交高分辨率的.jpg或.png文件的照片图像（灰度或彩色）。避免提交预先筛选（扫描）的摄影材料图像，因为它们可能没有足够的分辨率。如果必须使用扫描图像，请使用尽可能高的分辨率（最好是600 dpi或更高）进行扫描，然后将图形缩放到最终大小。

Figures should accurately present the scientific results. If adjustments to images, such as changing its brightness, are made, state the adjustment in the figure caption.
数字应该准确地呈现科学结果。如果对图像进行了调整，例如改变其亮度，请在图标题中说明调整情况。

For color-online-only figures, a .ps or .eps file is required for production. Ensure color online figures are intelligible in grey scale. To achieve this goal, use colors that have clearly distinguished grey-scale values. To assist in differentiating colored curves, use different line styles (dashed, solid, etc.) and give a description of the lines in the caption. See Guide to Acceptable use of Color in Color Online Figures for more information.
对于仅在线颜色的图形，需要使用.ps或.eps文件进行制作。确保彩色在线数字在灰度范围内清晰可辨。要实现这一目标，请使用具有清晰区分的灰度值的颜色。为了帮助区分彩色曲线，请使用不同的线条样式（虚线、实线等）。并给予说明标题中的行。有关详细信息，请参阅在线彩色图形中颜色的可接受使用指南。

If colored figures are desired in the print version of the journal, as in the online version, clearly indicate which figures are intended to be printed in color when the manuscript is submitted. Information about our pricing and payment policy for printed color figures is available via Color Figures in the Print Journal.
如果希望在期刊的印刷版中使用彩色数字，如在线版，请在投稿时明确指出哪些数字将以彩色印刷。有关我们的印刷彩色数字的定价和付款政策的信息可通过印刷杂志中的彩色数字获得。

In order to reproduce previously published figures, tables, etc., authors must show that they have complied with the requirements of the publisher of that material. Authors can demonstrate they have permission to reproduce the material by sending a written agreement from the publisher and author of the originally published work. If the original journal is published by APS, only a written agreement from the original author is required.
为了转载以前公布的数字、表格等，作者必须表明他们遵守了该材料出版商的要求。作者可以通过发送原始出版作品的出版商和作者的书面协议来证明他们有权复制材料。如果原始期刊由APS出版，则仅需原始作者的书面同意。

The Physical Review Style and Notation Guide includes further details on formatting figures and tables.
《物理复习风格和记法指南》包括有关格式化图形和表格的更多详细信息。

Manuscript Submission and Resubmission
稿件提交和重新提交

Submission 提交

Submit manuscripts via our Submissions server. The Submissions server is designed to enable fast and easy uploading of the manuscript and to enable entering of information required for the peer-review process. Receipt of a submission during business hours is acknowledged by email within one business day.
通过我们的提交服务器提交手稿。投稿服务器的设计是为了使稿件的上传更加快速和方便，并使同行评审过程所需的信息输入成为可能。在工作时间内收到的提交将在一个工作日内通过电子邮件确认。

Specify the author to whom correspondence should be addressed, and give all available contact information for this individual (postal and email addresses, phone number). Specify the journal and section to which the paper is submitted, and select 2-4 PhySH (Physics Subject Headings) concepts if possible. More information about the PhySH physics classification scheme is available in PhySH Guidelines for Authors, and the full scheme is available at PhySH-Physics Subject Headings.
指定通信的作者，并给予该人的所有可用联系信息（邮政和电子邮件地址，电话号码）。指定论文提交的期刊和部分，如果可能的话，选择2-4个PhySH（物理主题标题）概念。有关PhySH物理分类方案的更多信息，请参阅PhySH作者指南，完整的方案可在PhySH-物理主题标题中找到。

If an important subject of the manuscript is not classifiable by a PhySH concept, please give an appropriate keyword or phrase, and indicate approximately where in the scheme this topic would be best placed. Feedback on the PhySH scheme is welcomed.
如果手稿的一个重要主题不能用PhySH概念分类，请给予适当的关键词或短语，并指出这个主题在方案中的最佳位置。欢迎对PhySH计划提出反馈意见。

Submissions formatted in REVTeX or MS WORD are preferred. Upload the main body of the manuscript (including figures, tables, captions, etc.) to the Submissions server as a single file. Also send a cover letter, auxiliary files and figures, and Supplemental Material via the Submissions server. Copies of the manuscript sent by regular mail are not processed.
最好提交REVTeX或MS WORD格式的文件。上传稿件主体（包括图、表、说明文字等）提交到提交服务器作为一个单一的文件。同时通过提交服务器发送一封求职信、辅助文件和数字以及补充材料。通过普通邮件发送的手稿副本不予处理。

Authors of accepted manuscripts will be directed, via email, to an online, interactive service to complete the needed “publication rights” agreement, such as the APS Transfer of Copyright agreement. Prompt completion of this process prevents unnecessary delays. Accepted manuscripts are not forwarded to the production group until the journal is in receipt of the agreement.
被接受的手稿的作者将通过电子邮件被引导到一个在线的互动服务，以完成所需的“出版权”协议，如APS版权转让协议。迅速完成这一进程可避免不必要的拖延。接受的稿件在期刊收到同意书之前不会转发给生产组。

For further assistance with your manuscript, visit APS Author Services.
如需进一步协助您的稿件，请访问APS作者服务。

The Editorial Policies and Practices include further details on submission policies.
编辑政策和实践包括提交政策的更多细节。

Resubmission 重新提交

When resubmitting a manuscript, please include a summary of changes made and a concise, point-by-point response to all recommendations and criticisms. The modified manuscript and figures can be uploaded using the interactive resubmission forms available on our Submissions server. These forms should also be used when a manuscript previously submitted to one Physical Review journal is transferred to another. Send the complete text file if there have been any changes.
当重新提交稿件时，请包括所做更改的摘要以及对所有建议和批评的简洁，逐点回应。修改后的手稿和数字可以使用我们的提交服务器上的交互式重新提交表格上传。当以前提交给《物理评论》杂志的手稿被转移到另一个杂志时，也应该使用这些表格。如果有任何更改，请发送完整的文本文件。

For any resubmission, please state whether or not the figures have been modified, and supply new electronic figures if there have been changes. It is only necessary to resend figure files when the previous versions are no longer valid. Please update any other information (e.g., address and contact information) that has changed since the initial submission.
如再次提交，请说明数字是否已修改，如有修改，请提供新的电子数字。只有当以前的版本不再有效时，才需要重新发送地物文件。请更新任何其他信息（例如，地址和联系信息），自首次提交以来已发生变化。

The Editorial Policies and Practices include further details on resubmission policies.
编辑政策和实践包括有关重新提交政策的更多细节。

Author Inquiries 作者查询

Information regarding the status of a manuscript under consideration by the Physical Review journals is available on the following webpage. If clarification is needed, send an email message to the journal with the following subject line: Status, Manuscript ID, Corresponding Author Name.
有关物理评论期刊正在考虑的手稿状态的信息可在以下网页上获得。如果需要澄清，请向期刊发送一封电子邮件，标题如下：状态，作者ID，相应作者姓名。

For accepted papers, information about the production status is available via a similar service maintained by the production vendor. A link to this service is provided on the manuscript status page.
对于已接受的纸张，有关生产状态的信息可通过生产供应商维护的类似服务获得。手稿状态页面上提供了此服务的链接。

Review Process 审查进程

The following information provides details regarding the review process for manuscripts submitted to the Physical Review journals. For more information on our standard peer-review practices, please consult the Editorial Policies and Practices.
以下信息提供了有关提交给《物理评论》期刊的手稿的审查过程的详细信息。有关我们的标准同行评议做法的更多信息，请参阅编辑政策和做法。

Peer Review: Peer review by independent, anonymous referees is one of the most important reasons for the existence of a scientific journal. Journal readers benefit since at least one independent expert has judged that the manuscript is new and interesting, that it contributes to the advancement of the field, and that it is without apparent flaws. Of course, it is impossible for either the journal or the referees to guarantee the correctness or the originality of the research. Authors benefit from peer review via feedback on the research and the style of presentation. Note that the review policies and procedures vary by journal.
同行评议：由独立、匿名的审稿人进行同行评议是科学期刊存在的最重要原因之一。期刊读者受益，因为至少有一位独立专家认为该手稿是新的和有趣的，它有助于该领域的进步，并且没有明显的缺陷。当然，无论是期刊还是审稿人都不可能保证研究的正确性或原创性。作者通过对研究和演讲风格的反馈从同行评议中受益。请注意，审查政策和程序因期刊而异。

Review Timeline: The time from receipt to publication of a manuscript depends on many factors, including the article type (Letter or Regular Article, for example), the availability of referees, and the editor’s workload. The time authors take to respond to referee comments and revise the manuscript also plays a role in the review timeline.
审查时间轴：从收到稿件到发表的时间取决于许多因素，包括文章类型（例如信函或常规文章），参考人的可用性以及编辑的工作量。作者回复审稿人意见和修改稿件所花的时间也在评审时间轴中发挥作用。

Referee Selection: Editors choose one or more referees from a common database of thousands of potential referees. The editors base their referee choices on factors including the referee’s area of expertise and their availability (we try to avoid overburdening referees), the quality of the referee’s reports, and the referee’s typical response time.
推荐人选择：编辑从一个包含数千名潜在推荐人的公共数据库中选择一名或多名推荐人。编辑根据裁判的专业领域和可用性（我们尽量避免裁判负担过重），裁判报告的质量以及裁判的典型响应时间等因素来选择裁判。

Suggesting Referees: Authors are encouraged to suggest the names of potential referees. Referee suggestions can be added during the manuscript submission process on the Editorial Info page. Click on the “Add” button and enter the name, email, and affiliation for each suggested referee. The editors consider the suggestions, but the suggested referees are not necessarily chosen. Authors should avoid listing previous coauthors and collaborators.
推荐推荐人：鼓励作者推荐潜在推荐人的名字。参考建议可以在稿件提交过程中在编辑信息页面上添加。点击“添加”按钮，输入每个推荐推荐人的姓名、电子邮件和所属机构。编辑会考虑这些建议，但推荐的审稿人不一定会被选中。作者应避免列出以前的合著者和合作者。

Excluding Referees: Authors can request that certain referees are not contacted. The names of these referees can be added during the manuscript submission process on the Editorial Info page. In the text box, provide the names of a few specific people (not names of research groups, collaborations, or institutions) and include a brief explanation of why you are making the request. Although such requests are usually honored it is customary to give authors whose work is criticized in a manuscript an opportunity to respond to the criticism.
排除推荐人：作者可以要求不联系某些推荐人。这些审稿人的姓名可以在稿件提交过程中在编辑信息页面上添加。在文本框中，提供一些特定人员的姓名（不是研究小组、合作机构或机构的名称），并简要说明您提出请求的原因。虽然这种要求通常会得到尊重，但习惯上，如果作者的作品在手稿中受到批评，给予回应批评的机会。

Number of Referees: The number of referees contacted to review a manuscript varies by journal. Typically, editors choose one or two referees to initially review a manuscript. In some cases, the editors may contact more than two referees, for example to gain input from referees with differing expertise or if there is uncertainty about the availability of a particular expert. If a referee is tardy, the editors may contact an additional referee, and if the tardy referee then responds, we may receive more anonymous reports than usual. If an impasse is reached between the authors and referees, the editors may consult another referee in an effort to close the review process.
审稿人数量：审稿人的数量因期刊而异。通常情况下，编辑选择一个或两个审稿人来初步审查稿件。在某些情况下，编辑可能会联系两名以上的推荐人，例如，从具有不同专业知识的推荐人那里获得投入，或者如果不确定某位专家是否有空。如果一个裁判迟到，编辑可能会联系另一个裁判，如果迟到的裁判然后回应，我们可能会收到比平时更多的匿名报告。如果作者和审稿人之间陷入僵局，编辑可以咨询另一位审稿人，以结束审查过程。

Rejection without Review: Not all manuscripts are sent for review. Editors often reject manuscripts that they judge to be clearly unsuitable for the journal. However, no manuscript is accepted for publication without review by external referees.
未经审查的拒绝：不是所有的手稿都被送去审查。编辑们经常拒绝他们认为明显不适合杂志的稿件。然而，未经外部评审人审查，任何手稿都不会被接受出版。

Rounds of Review: Editors typically reach a final decision on whether to publish a manuscript after one or two rounds of review.
审稿：编辑通常在一轮或两轮审稿后就是否发表稿件做出最终决定。

Responding to Referee Reports: Authors should read referee reports carefully and dispassionately and approach the reports with an open mind. What may at first seem like a devastating blow is perhaps a request for more information or for a more detailed explanation. At other times the referee may indeed have found a fatal flaw in the research or logic. Put yourself in the position of a reader, which is exactly the position of the referee. Is the manuscript well written? Is the presentation clear, unambiguous, and logical? Respond to all referee comments, suggestions, and criticisms. When writing your response, please formulate it in gender-neutral terms. If unavoidable, please use the singular “they/them/theirs” in place of gender-specific pronouns. Explain which changes have been made and state your position on points of disagreement.
回应裁判报告：作者应仔细阅读裁判报告，冷静，并以开放的心态对待报告。一开始看起来像是毁灭性打击的可能是要求提供更多信息或更详细的解释。在其他时候，裁判可能确实发现了研究或逻辑中的致命缺陷。把自己放在一个读者的位置，这正是裁判的位置。手稿写得好吗？演示文稿是否清晰、明确且符合逻辑？回应所有裁判的意见、建议和批评。在写你的答复时，请用不分性别的措辞。如果不可避免，请使用单数“他们/他们/他们的”来代替性别代词。解释已经做了哪些修改，并说明你对分歧点的立场。

Review Procedure for a Comment
评论审查程序

Comments are generally processed according to the following procedure.
注释通常按照以下程序处理。

1. The Comment is sent to the authors of the criticized work for their reaction. The authors of the object paper are not asked to review the Comment as anonymous referees. Rather, they are asked for a written opinion on the Comment that is suitable for transmission to the Comment’s authors. Authors of the object paper may recommend that the manuscript be accepted, be accepted after revision, or be rejected.
   评论被发送给被批评作品的作者，以征求他们的反应。目标论文的作者不被要求作为匿名参考人审查评论。相反，他们被要求对评论提出书面意见，以便转交给评论的作者。目标论文的作者可以建议接受该论文，修改后接受，或拒绝。
2. After suitable exchanges between the involved parties, the Comment (and Reply, if any) and relevant correspondence are sent to at least one uninvolved expert for anonymous review. If the referee recommends acceptance, and the authors of the object paper have not already submitted a Reply, these authors are given the opportunity to submit a Reply to the Comment. The Reply will also be reviewed, usually by the same uninvolved expert, but is not guaranteed acceptance for publication. If the Comment meets our criteria, it will be published whether or not a Reply is published.
   在相关各方之间进行适当的交流后，将评论（和回复，如果有的话）和相关信件发送给至少一位未参与的专家进行匿名审查。如果评审员建议接受，而目标论文的作者尚未提交回复，则这些作者有机会提交对评论的回复。答复也将被审查，通常由同一个无关的专家，但不保证接受出版。如果评论符合我们的标准，无论是否发布回复，它都会被发布。
3. When both the Comment and Reply are accepted for publication, the authors of the Comment are sent a copy of the Reply for their information, but they should not alter the Comment unless requested to do so by the editors. The Comment and Reply are usually published in the same issue of the journal, with the Reply immediately following the Comment. If there is undue delay in the preparation and review of the Reply, the Comment may be published before the Reply.”
   当评论和回复都被接受出版时，评论的作者会收到一份回复的副本供其参考，但除非编辑要求，否则他们不应修改评论。评论和回复通常发表在同一期杂志上，回复紧随评论之后。如果在答复的准备和审查过程中出现不适当的延误，则可以在答复之前公布评论。

Post Acceptance 验收后

Publicity 宣传

If your paper is accepted for publication in a Physical Review journal, please consider submitting a summary of the paper. The summary should include a newspaper-style headline and one paragraph explaining the main result of the paper and why it’s important. Write the summary so that it’s understandable by non-scientists. Send the plain text summary (no LaTeX or Word documents) to author-summaries@aps.org with the subject line “summary [accession code]”. When emailing the summary, consider sending one or a few low-resolution image files that illustrate the results. Preferred formats are jpeg/jpg, gif, and png. After a summary is submitted, an automatic email acknowledgment will be sent from author-summaries+noreply@aps.org.
如果你的论文被《物理评论》杂志接受发表，请考虑提交论文摘要。摘要应该包括一个报纸式的标题和一段解释论文的主要结果及其重要性的段落。写摘要，让非科学家也能理解。将纯文本摘要（无LaTeX或Word文档）发送到author-summaries@aps.org，主题行为“摘要[登录代码]"。当通过电子邮件发送摘要时，考虑发送一个或几个低分辨率的图像文件来说明结果。首选格式是jpeg/jpg、gif和png。提交摘要后，将从author-summaries+noreply@aps. org发送自动电子邮件确认。

The summaries are used by the following venues to inform decisions on what papers to cover:
下列机构利用这些摘要决定讨论哪些文件：

• Physics: Daily news stories and commentary about a selection of papers from the Physical Review journals.
  物理学：每日新闻报道和评论，从物理评论期刊上选择论文。
• Media Tip Sheet: Weekly email message distributed to journalists to promote press-worthy papers from the Physical Review journals. The tip sheet has led to news articles in publications including Science, Nature, and the New York Times.
  媒体提示表：每周向记者发送电子邮件，以促进《物理评论》期刊上值得出版的论文。这份情报单已经在《科学》、《自然》和《纽约时报》等出版物上发表了新闻文章。
• Physics Buzz Blog: Blog covering a wide range of physics topics of interest to the general public.
  Physics Buzz Blog：一个博客，涵盖了公众感兴趣的广泛的物理话题。

In addition, the Physical Review editors occasionally consider summaries when making decisions on what papers to highlight as Editors’ Suggestions. These papers are judged to be particularly important, interesting, or well written, and are prominently displayed on the journal web pages.
此外，《物理评论》的编辑在决定哪些论文作为编辑建议时偶尔会考虑摘要。这些论文被认为是特别重要的，有趣的，或写得很好，并在期刊网页上突出显示。

Hints for Writing a Good Summary: Be brief. 200 words is usually enough. Shorter summaries are often better as they include fewer details that tend to distract from the main points. Try to get to the “bottom line” in the first sentence or two before stepping back to go over background information. Think of the way a newspaper article is written, with the most important points at the top. Aim the summary at non-scientists and not physicists. Using this style helps those reading the summary to visualize how the topic could be presented to a non-scientific audience. Avoid or define any jargon. State why the result is important in direct terms, even if it seems obvious. Clearly distinguish between what is new in the paper and what is merely background information.
写好摘要的提示：要简短。一般200字就够了。简短的总结通常更好，因为它们包含的细节更少，这些细节往往会分散对要点的注意力。在回顾背景信息之前，试着在第一句或第二句中找到“底线”。想想报纸文章的写作方式，最重要的观点在顶部。这篇总结的对象是非科学家，而不是物理学家。使用这种风格可以帮助那些阅读摘要的人想象如何将主题呈现给非科学观众。避免或定义任何行话。直接说明为什么结果很重要，即使它看起来很明显。明确区分论文中的新内容和仅仅是背景信息。

For more assistance, visit APS Author Services.
如需更多帮助，请访问APS作者服务。

Other Publicity: The journal editors encourage authors to notify their institution’s public information or press office if the paper is accepted. The press office may want to mention the paper in their own publications or may want to inform local media. The email addresses of institutional press offices are searchable at Newswise.
其他宣传：期刊编辑鼓励作者在论文被接受后通知其机构的公共信息或新闻办公室。新闻办公室可能希望在自己的出版物中提及该文件，或者可能希望通知当地媒体。机构新闻办公室的电子邮件地址可在Newswise搜索。

Publication Charges and Reprints
出版收费和重印

The Physical Review journals provide authors with an online, web-based interface, SciPris™ , to pay for various author charges, including applicable publication charges, charges for color figures, and reprints. Upon acceptance, authors will receive a unique link to the SciPris™ platform.
《物理评论》期刊为作者提供了一个在线的、基于网络的界面SciPris™，以支付各种作者费用，包括适用的出版费用、彩色图片费用和重印费用。一旦被接受，作者将收到一个到SciPris™平台的唯一链接。

Color Figures Charges: Color illustrations in the print journal should be used only when there is a clear need. The additional costs for printing illustrations are borne in full by authors and their institutions. Authors are reminded that Color Figures Online Only is a service provided in Physical Review journals without charge to authors.
彩色插图收费：印刷期刊中的彩色插图只应在有明确需要时使用。印刷插图的额外费用全部由作者及其机构承担。请作者注意，Color Figures Online Only是Physical Review期刊提供的一项服务，不向作者收费。

Authors desiring color in print, who are willing and able to pay the associated charges, should indicate their request, preferably upon submission, and indicate which figures are intended for color in print. Full payment of the color charges is required before the article is sent to production. If payment is not received within 21 working days, the article is sent to production with the figures designated as color online only, provided those figures have been properly prepared as individual electronic files (color online only results in no charges to the author). If authors require more time to pay the charges, the article will be held until the anticipated payment date.
希望彩色印刷的作者，谁愿意并能够支付相关费用，应表明他们的要求，最好在提交时，并指出哪些数字是用于彩色印刷。在产品投入生产之前，必须全额支付颜色费用。如果在21个工作日内未收到付款，则文章将仅与指定为彩色在线的数字一起发送到生产，前提是这些数字已作为单独的电子文件正确准备（彩色在线仅导致作者不收费）。如果作者需要更多的时间来支付费用，文章将被保留到预期的付款日期。

The charge is US $1060 for a single color figure in print and $575 for each additional color figure. Any questions or concerns regarding color in print may be directed to payments@aps.org.
印刷的单色数字收费1060美元，每增加一个彩色数字收费575美元。有关印刷品颜色的任何问题或疑虑，可直接发送至payments@aps. org。

Reprints: Authors can use SciPris™ to order reprints and obtain associated prices. For authors’ convenience and to minimize delay, the SciPris™ platform accepts payment by major credit card. For those who require invoices to make payment, the system offers this option as well. Please note that reprints are created and mailed after the journal issue has been printed.
再版：作者可以使用SciPris™订购再版并获得相关价格。为了方便作者并尽量减少延迟，SciPris™平台接受主要信用卡付款。对于那些需要发票付款的人，系统也提供了这个选项。请注意，重印创建和邮寄后，期刊问题已打印。

Open Access Publishing Options
开放存取出版选项

The Physical Review family offers some of the most-trusted, most-read, most-cited, and fastest-growing fully open access and hybrid journals in physics and related areas of research. Both fully open access journals and hybrid journals allow authors to publish their research immediately open access, usually upon payment of an article publication charge (APC).
《物理评论》系列提供了物理学和相关研究领域中一些最值得信赖、阅读量最大、引用最多、增长最快的完全开放获取和混合期刊。完全开放获取期刊和混合期刊都允许作者立即开放获取他们的研究，通常在支付文章出版费（APC）后。

In the fully gold open access journals – including Physical Review X, PRX Energy, PRX Life, PRX Quantum, PRResearch, and PRPER – all accepted articles are published open access under a CC-BY 4.0 International license, upon the payment of an APC.
在完全黄金开放获取期刊中-包括Physical Review X，PRX Energy，PRX Life，PRX Quantum，PRResearch和PRPER -所有接受的文章都是在CC-BY 4.0国际许可下发表的开放获取，并支付APC。

The hybrid journals – including PRL, PRA, PRB, PRC, PRD, PRE, PRApplied, PRFluids, and PRMaterials – allow authors to publish at no cost under the traditional subscription model, and also provide authors the option to publish an accepted article open access under a CC-BY 4.0 International license, upon the payment of an APC.
混合期刊-包括PRL，PRA，PRB，PRC，PRD，PRE，PRApplied，PRFluids和PRAmaterials-允许作者在传统订阅模式下免费发表，并为作者提供在CC-BY 4.0国际许可下发表接受的文章开放获取的选择，并支付APC。

CC-BY 4.0 International is one of the most permissive Creative Commons Attribution licenses available and permits anyone to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt work with proper attribution. Authors retain copyright to their articles under this license. Authors seeking to publish articles under the Creative Commons Attribution license should select this option when they are asked to complete the appropriate Publication Rights documentation. Accepted licensed articles will not be published until any applicable APC is paid in full.
CC-BY 4.0 International是目前最宽松的知识共享署名许可协议之一，允许任何人复制、分发、传播和改编具有适当署名的作品。作者在本许可证下保留其文章的版权。寻求在知识共享署名许可下发表文章的作者应在被要求完成相应的出版权文档时选择此选项。接受许可的文章将不会发表，直到任何适用的APC全额支付。

APC pricing information for the current year, including promotional discounts, is listed here.
本年度的APC定价信息（包括促销折扣）列在此处。

APCs waivers for open access publication are available for submitting authors from many lower and middle income countries. Further information is available on our support page.
APC对开放获取出版物的豁免适用于许多中低收入国家的提交作者。更多信息请访问我们的支持页面。

Authors may also be eligible to publish open access free of charge if they are covered by one of these Institutional Open Access and Transformative agreements.
作者也可能有资格免费发布开放获取，如果他们被这些机构开放获取和变革协议之一所覆盖。

For information about complying with funders’ Open Access policies, see APS Supports Researchers in Complying with Their Funders’ Policies.
有关遵守资助者开放获取政策的信息，请参阅APS支持研究人员遵守资助者政策。