Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave Filozofická fakulta 布拉迪斯拉发夸美斯基大学艺术学院
Studia Academica Slovaca centrum pre slovenčinu ako cudzí jazyk Studia Academica Slovaca 斯洛伐克语对外语言中心KRÍŽOM-KRÁŽOM 十字交叉Slovenčina A1 斯洛伐克 A1
AUTORI 作者Mgr. Renáta Kamenárová, PhD. 蒙席。雷纳塔·卡梅纳罗娃,博士。Mgr. Eva Španová 伊娃·什帕诺娃主教Mgr. Hana Tichá 哈纳·蒂查主教Mgr. Helena Ivoríková 海伦娜·伊沃里科娃主教Mgr. Zuzana Kleschtová 祖扎娜·克莱什托娃主教Mgr. Michaela Mošatová 米凯拉·莫萨托娃主教VEDÚCA PROJEKTU A VEDECKY GARANT doc. PhDr. Jana Pekarovičová, PhD. 项目负责人和科学保证副教授 Jana Pekarovičová,博士。
REDAKCIA 编辑部
Studia Academica Slovaca 斯洛伐克学术研究
Filozofická fakulta UK 查尔斯大学艺术学院
Gondova 2 贡多瓦 2
81801 Bratislava 81801 布拉迪斯拉发
Slovensko 斯洛伐克 www.fphil.uniba.sk/sas
ISBN 978-80-223-2441-0
Úvod 介绍
Mili priatelia, 亲爱的朋友们,
vám, ktori sa chcete učit po slovensky, ponúkame zaujimavý originảlny učebný material - knihu Križomkrážom a 2 CD - ktorý vám pomôže osvojit si základy slovenčiny. Križom-krážom predstavuje atraktivnu cestu, ako zvládnuť najbežnejšie komunikačnė situácie. Na to slüži aj bohato ilustrovaný didakticky stvárnený obsah, ktorý umożn̆uje nácvik jednotlivých rečových zručnosti v súlade s požiadavkami Spoločného európskeho referenčnėho rámca pre jazyky (CEF) určenými pre stupeň A1 - ủpiný začiatočník. Táto učebnica je výstupom projektu Ministerstva školstva Slovenskej republiky Vzdelávaci program Slovenčina ako cudzi jazyk, ktorý rieši kolektiv autorov a pracovnikov Studia Academica Slovaca - centra pre slovenčinu ako cudzi jazyk na Filozofickej fakulte Univerzity Komenského a je sűčastou série učebných materiálov pripravovaných pre všetky jazykové stupne. 对于想要学习斯洛伐克语的人,我们提供了有趣的原创教材——《Križomkrážom》一书和 2 张 CD,帮助您掌握斯洛伐克语的基础知识。《Križom-krážom》是一种掌握最常见交流情景的极具吸引力的方法。它还通过图文并茂、教学设计的内容实现了这一点,使您能够按照欧洲语言共同参考框架 (CEF) 的要求练习个人言语技能,该框架适用于 A1 级 - 完全初学者。这本教科书是斯洛伐克共和国教育部“斯洛伐克语作为外语”教育计划项目的成果,该项目由夸美斯基大学艺术学院斯洛伐克语作为外语中心 Studia Academica Slovaca 的作者和员工团队开发,是为所有语言水平准备的系列教材的一部分。
Učebnica obsahuje 10 lekcii s metodicky premyslenou pevnou štruktúrou. Výnimkou je prvả a desiata lekcia, ktoré majú osobitné zameranie. Každú lekciu tvori 5 ozvučených dialógov reprezentujúcich bežné komunikačné situácie. Novả lexika sa prezentuje pomocou obrázkov a doplñajú ju cvičenia zamerané na jej osvojenie. Okrem štandardnej lexiky určenej pre A1 je v učebnici zahrnutá aj dalšia slovná zásoba, ktorá je predpokladom na porozumenie reálnych komunikačných situácii. Patria sem frekventované 教材包含 10 课,结构严谨,条理清晰。第一课和第十课例外,它们各有侧重。每课包含 5 个音频对话,代表常见的交流场景。新词汇以图片形式呈现,并配有练习,帮助学生掌握。除了 A1 级别的标准词汇外,教材还包含其他词汇,这些词汇是理解真实交流场景的先决条件。这些词汇包括:
Introduction 介绍
Dear triends, 亲爱的趋势,
It is our pleasure to introduce you to a new textbook of Slovak as a foreign language (A1). Krizoni-krazom, which was made for learners of Slovak like you who are interested in learning Slovak if an interesting and attractive way. Krlzom-krázom textbook, which contains a set of 2 audio CDs with the recordings of the dialogues and exercises. provides learners with the most frequent. day-to-day situations whose phrases and vocabulary are explained straight in the unit. As learners go through the book, all the basic skills of acquiring a foreign language are practised (reading, listening, writing and speaking) in line with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) assigned for the A 1 level - beginner (basic user/ breakthrough) 我们很高兴向您推荐一本全新的斯洛伐克语对外汉语(A1)教材——Krizoni-krazom,专为像您一样对学习斯洛伐克语感兴趣的斯洛伐克语学习者而编写,旨在以一种有趣且引人入胜的方式进行学习。Krlzom-krázom 教材包含两张音频 CD,内含对话和练习录音。它为学习者提供最常见的日常情景,并在单元中直接讲解短语和词汇。学习者在学习本书的过程中,将练习所有学习外语的基本技能(阅读、听力、写作和口语),这些技能符合欧洲语言共同参考框架(CEFR)A1 级别(初学者/突破型)的规范。
The textbook is developed by teachers and researchers of the Studia Academica Slovaca Centre (the Centre for Slovak as a Foreign Language) which is a research and educational centre of the Faculty of Arts at Comenius University in Bratislava. it is published as part of the project called Learning Programme of Slovak as a Foreign Language supported by the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and is later intended to cover study materials for all anguage levels. 该教科书由 Studia Academica Slovaca 中心(斯洛伐克语作为外语中心)的教师和研究人员开发,该中心是布拉迪斯拉发夸美斯基斯大学艺术学院的一个研究和教育中心。它是斯洛伐克共和国教育部支持的斯洛伐克语作为外语学习计划项目的一部分出版,旨在涵盖所有语言水平的学习材料。
The textbook Krizorn-kräzom includes 10 topicbased units introducing day-to-day situations in the lives of the four main characters of the course. All the units (except for Units ) and 10) have an identical structure that is easy-to-follow. 5 dialogues recorded on the CDs with new words explained by both definitions and lllustrations and followed by reading comprehension exercises on dialogyes 《Krizorn-kräzom》教材包含 10 个主题单元,介绍课程中四个主要人物的日常生活。所有单元(除单元 1 和单元 2 外)的结构相同,易于理解。CD 中收录了 5 个对话,生词解释清晰,并配有释义和插图,以及对话阅读理解练习。
After the dialogues, there is a vocabulary section with exercises to practise their acquisition, a grammar 对话之后,有一个词汇部分,其中包含练习,用于练习词汇的习得,还有语法
slová, slovné spojenia a frázy, ktoré výrazne rozširili rozsah slovnika, ale netvoria základné lexikálne kompendium. 单词、词组和短语大大扩展了词典的范围,但并没有形成基本的词汇概要。
V každej lekcii sa postupne jednoduchým spōsobom predstavujú základy gramatiky, pričom sa respektujú špecifiká slovenčiny ako cudzieho jazyka pre začiatočnikov. Výber gramatických javov (najmā deklinačné a konjugačné vzory, prezentované pády nominativ, akuzativ, inštrumentảl, lokál v singulári aj v pluráli) bol metodicky prispôsobený komunikačným potrebám, ktoré vyplynuli z tematického zamerania učebnice. Na konci každej lekcie sú súhrnné cvičenia, v ktorých sa upevñujú komunikatívne zručnosti so zretel’om na počúvanie a čitanie s porozumenim a tvorenie jednoduchých üstnych a pisomných prejavov. Prácu s učebnicou môžu spestrit aj sprievodné úlohy, doplnkové texty s cviženiami, hlavolamy či iné didaktické hry. Učebnica obsahuje klüč k cvičeniam, slovensko-anglický slovniček usporiadaný podl’a jednotlivých lekcii a prehladné gramatickè tabulky. 每课都以浅显易懂的方式循序渐进地介绍语法基础知识,同时尊重斯洛伐克语作为外语初学者的特点。语法现象的选择(尤其是变格和动词变位模式,以及主格、宾格、工具格和方位格的单复数形式)是根据教科书主题重点所产生的沟通需求而精心设计的。每课后都配有总结练习,旨在加强沟通技巧,重点是听力和阅读理解以及简单的口语和书面表达的运用。教科书的学习内容还可以通过附带任务、带练习的附加文本、谜题或其他教学游戏来丰富。教科书包含练习题答案、按各课编排的斯洛伐克语-英语词典以及清晰的语法表。
Veríme, že Križom-krážom bude dobrým sprievodcom na ceste kk slovenčine, że vàs pouči i zabavi a pomôže osvojit’ si potrebné komunikačné zručnosti. 我们相信,填字游戏将成为您学习斯洛伐克语 kk 的良好指南,它将为您带来知识和乐趣,并帮助您获得必要的沟通技巧。
Vsetkým použivatelom żeláme radosť z učenia a vela úspechov 我们祝愿所有用户学习愉快、取得成功。
autorky 作者
spot which throughout the course explains declension of nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals in four cases (the nominative, accusative, instrumental and the locative) and two forms (singular and plural) Regular verbs (divided into 10 conjugation verb groups) and basic irregular verbs are conjugated in the present and past tenses. Grammar of the book was specifically arranged according to the need to cover the basic conversation topics. Basic vocaburary of the unit is explained under the dialogues, and a complete account of all the words that occur in the unit (not only the basic new words but also additional ones which are not needed to be learned but which make the dialogues and exercises more natural and closer to everyday Slovak in using the variety of different expressions) is in a Slovak-English glossary at the back of the book. At the end of each unit there are revision exercises covering reading, listening writing and speaking skills which test how much the learners got out of the new vocabulary and grammar 贯穿整个课程的讲解环节,讲解了名词、形容词、代词和数词的四种格(主格、宾格、工具格和方位格)和两种形式(单数和复数)的变格。规则动词(分为10个变位动词组)和基本不规则动词的现在时和过去时变位。本书的语法根据涵盖基本对话主题的需要进行了专门的编排。单元的基本词汇在对话部分进行了讲解,书后的斯洛伐克语-英语词汇表中完整列出了单元中出现的所有单词(不仅包括基本新词,还包括一些不需要学习但可以使对话和练习更自然、更贴近斯洛伐克日常表达方式的附加单词)。每个单元的末尾都有复习练习,涵盖阅读、听力、写作和口语技能,用于测试学习者对新词汇和语法的掌握程度。
To make exercises even more interesting and creative and students more challenged, various brainteasers, didactic games and additional texts will more exercises were added to the units 为了让练习更加有趣和富有创意,也为了给学生带来更多挑战,我们在单元中添加了各种脑筋急转弯、教学游戏和附加文本,以及更多的练习。
At the back of the textbook there is a key to exercises, a Slovak-English glossary arranged according to units and a grammat reference section with examples and explanations of the basic rules We hope that you enjoy working with our textbook and would like to wish you a lot of fun and enthusiasm while learning Slovak 教材后面有练习题答案、按单元排列的斯洛伐克语-英语词汇表以及包含示例和基本规则解释的语法参考部分。我们希望您喜欢使用我们的教材,并祝您在学习斯洛伐克语的过程中充满乐趣和热情。
Good luck and enjoy Krizom-kräzoml 祝你好运,享受 Krizom-kräzoml
Contents 内容
Unit 1: Welcome to Slovakia! 第一单元:欢迎来到斯洛伐克!
GRAMMAR: - First phrases - Slovak alphabet 语法: - 第一个短语 - 斯洛伐克字母
Unit 2: Hello, I am Johanna. 第二单元:你好,我是约翰娜。
GRAMMAR: - Personal pronouns - Nouns - gender (masculine, teminine, neuter) - Regular verbs - conjugation verb groups I - IV (volat sa, hovorit, Studovat, rozumiet) - Irregular verb byt - Negation of verbs - Numerals (cardinal and ordinal) 语法: - 人称代词 - 名词 - 性别(阳性、阴性、中性) - 规则动词 - 动词变位组 I - IV(volat sa、hovorit、Studovat、rozumiet) - 不规则动词 byt - 动词否定 - 数词(基数和序数)
TOPICS: - Where are you from? - Countries - Who is who? 主题: - 你来自哪里? - 国家 - 谁是谁?
Unit 3: Dormitory 第三单元:宿舍
GRAMMAR - Adjectives - Possessive pronouns - Possessive adjectives * Pronouns whose? which one? what (like)? 语法 - 形容词 - 物主代词 - 物主形容词 * 代词 whose? which one? what (like)?
TOPICS: - Interior (house, flat, office) 主题: - 室内(房屋、公寓、办公室)
GRAMMAR: - Nominative case - Adjectives in the predicate 语法: - 主格 - 形容词
Numerals 2, 3, 4+ nouns - Pluralia tantum - Irregular verb stát 数字 2、3、4+ 名词 - Pluralia tantum - 不规则动词 stát
TOPICS: - The town - Jobs 主题: - 城镇 - 工作
Unit 5: We have a party today. 第五单元:我们今天有一个聚会。
GRAMMAR: - Accusative case - Verbs related to accusative case - Pronouns in accusative case - Accusative prepositions - Irregular verb - ist - Modal verbs 语法: - 宾格 - 与宾格相关的动词 - 宾格代词 - 宾格介词 - 不规则动词 - ist - 情态动词
TOPICS: - Shopping - Colours 主题: - 购物 - 颜色
Unit 6: In the restaurant 第六单元:在餐厅
GRAMMAR: - Instrumental case - Pronouns in the instrumental case - Instrumental prepositions - Regular verbs-conjugation verb groups V - VII (pozval, zit, niest) - Irregular verb staf sa 语法: - 工具格 - 工具格代词 - 工具介词 - 规则动词-变位动词组 V - VII (pozval, zit, niest) - 不规则动词 staf sa
TOPICS: - Restaurant - How do we travel? 主题: - 餐厅 - 我们如何旅行?
Unit 7: At university 第七单元:在大学
GRAMMAR: - Regular verbs-conjugation verb groups VIII-X (spat, stretnùt, vidiet) - Past tense - Yet, not yet, still, already 语法: - 规则动词-变位动词组 VIII-X (spat, stretnùt, vidiet) - 过去时 - Yet, not yet, still, already
TOPICS: - University - Daily programme - What is the time? 主题: - 大学 - 每日节目 - 时间是几点?
Pokyny k cvičeniam 锻炼说明
Instructions to the exercises 练习说明
Po slovensky 斯洛伐克语
English 英语
ČÍTAITE. 您正在阅读。
Read 读
ČO SA NEHODÍ? 怎么了?
Odd one out. 奇怪的一个。
DISKUTUJTE.
Discuss. 讨论。
DOKONČIŤ (PRÍBEH, KOMIKS). 完成(一个故事,一个漫画)。
Finish (the story, comic strip). 完成(故事、漫画)。
DOPLÑTE. 添加。
Complete the exercise (the sentences, words, questions, etc.). 完成练习(句子、单词、问题等)。
DOPLÑTE SPRÁVNE FORMY. 填写正确的表格。
Use the right forms. 使用正确的形式。
DOPLÑTE TAUNIČKU. 重新填充 TAUNI。
Complete the crossword. 完成填字游戏。
HLAVOLAM.
Brainteaser. 谜。
LOGICKY DOPLÑTE. 逻辑上完整。
Put (the words, sentences) in the right logical order. 将(单词、句子)按正确的逻辑顺序排列。
NAKRESLITE (MESTO A NAVIGUJTE KAMARÁTA). 画(一座城市并引导一位朋友)。
Draw (a town map and navigate your friend). 画一张城镇地图并为你的朋友导航。
NAPIŚTE. 写。
Writing. (Literally: Write.) 写作。(字面意思:写。)
NAPÍŠTE, ČO JE NA OBRÁZKU. 写下图片中的内容。
Write what is in the picture. 写出图中的内容。
NAPÍŠTE SLOVOM. 用文字书写。
Write it in words. 用文字写出来。
ODPOVEDAITE.
Answer the questions. 回答问题。
OPAKUJTE.
Repeat. 重复。
OPRAVTE (CHYBY). 修复(错误)。
Correct the mistakes. 改正错误。
OSEMSMEROVKA.
Wordsearch. 单词搜索。
POĆÚVAITE. 听。
Listen. 听。
PRAVDA ALEBO NEPRAVDA? 真还是假?
True or false? 真或假?
PRIRAĎTE. 分配。
Match (the words, sentences, phrases, etc.). 匹配(单词、句子、短语等)。
PÝTAJTE SA. 问。
Ask the questions. 提出问题。
ROZPRÁVAJTE O SEBE. 请介绍一下你自己。
Talk about yourself. 谈谈你自己。
ROZTRIEĎTE. 种类。
Sort (the words) out. 把(单词)整理好。
SPOJTE.
Match (the words, sentences, phrases) together. 将(单词、句子、短语)匹配在一起。
TIPUJTE.
Guess. 猜测。
TRANSFORMUJTE.
Transform (the words, sentences, phrases, etc.). 转换(单词、句子、短语等)。
UTVORTE (PLURÁL). 创建(复数)。
Make (the plural forms). 制作(复数形式)。
VYBERTE (SPRÁVNU ODPOVED̃, SPRÁVNE VYSVETLENIE FRÁZ, KONIEC). 选择(正确答案、正确短语解释、结束)。
Choose (the right answer, the right explanation of the phrases, the ending of the story). 选择(正确答案、正确的短语解释、故事的结局)。
VYTVORTE (JEDÁLNY LISTOK). 创建(菜单列表)。
Make (a menu). 制作(和菜单)。
ZORAĎTE. 分类。
Put (the words, sentences, phrases) in the right order. 将(单词、句子、短语)按正确的顺序排列。
Po slovensky English
ČÍTAITE. Read
ČO SA NEHODÍ? Odd one out.
DISKUTUJTE. Discuss.
DOKONČIŤ (PRÍBEH, KOMIKS). Finish (the story, comic strip).
DOPLÑTE. Complete the exercise (the sentences, words, questions, etc.).
DOPLÑTE SPRÁVNE FORMY. Use the right forms.
DOPLÑTE TAUNIČKU. Complete the crossword.
HLAVOLAM. Brainteaser.
LOGICKY DOPLÑTE. Put (the words, sentences) in the right logical order.
NAKRESLITE (MESTO A NAVIGUJTE KAMARÁTA). Draw (a town map and navigate your friend).
NAPIŚTE. Writing. (Literally: Write.)
NAPÍŠTE, ČO JE NA OBRÁZKU. Write what is in the picture.
NAPÍŠTE SLOVOM. Write it in words.
ODPOVEDAITE. Answer the questions.
OPAKUJTE. Repeat.
OPRAVTE (CHYBY). Correct the mistakes.
OSEMSMEROVKA. Wordsearch.
POĆÚVAITE. Listen.
PRAVDA ALEBO NEPRAVDA? True or false?
PRIRAĎTE. Match (the words, sentences, phrases, etc.).
PÝTAJTE SA. Ask the questions.
ROZPRÁVAJTE O SEBE. Talk about yourself.
ROZTRIEĎTE. Sort (the words) out.
SPOJTE. Match (the words, sentences, phrases) together.
TIPUJTE. Guess.
TRANSFORMUJTE. Transform (the words, sentences, phrases, etc.).
UTVORTE (PLURÁL). Make (the plural forms).
VYBERTE (SPRÁVNU ODPOVED̃, SPRÁVNE VYSVETLENIE FRÁZ, KONIEC). Choose (the right answer, the right explanation of the phrases, the ending of the story).
VYTVORTE (JEDÁLNY LISTOK). Make (a menu).
ZORAĎTE. Put (the words, sentences, phrases) in the right order.| Po slovensky | English |
| :--- | :--- |
| ČÍTAITE. | Read |
| ČO SA NEHODÍ? | Odd one out. |
| DISKUTUJTE. | Discuss. |
| DOKONČIŤ (PRÍBEH, KOMIKS). | Finish (the story, comic strip). |
| DOPLÑTE. | Complete the exercise (the sentences, words, questions, etc.). |
| DOPLÑTE SPRÁVNE FORMY. | Use the right forms. |
| DOPLÑTE TAUNIČKU. | Complete the crossword. |
| HLAVOLAM. | Brainteaser. |
| LOGICKY DOPLÑTE. | Put (the words, sentences) in the right logical order. |
| NAKRESLITE (MESTO A NAVIGUJTE KAMARÁTA). | Draw (a town map and navigate your friend). |
| NAPIŚTE. | Writing. (Literally: Write.) |
| NAPÍŠTE, ČO JE NA OBRÁZKU. | Write what is in the picture. |
| NAPÍŠTE SLOVOM. | Write it in words. |
| ODPOVEDAITE. | Answer the questions. |
| OPAKUJTE. | Repeat. |
| OPRAVTE (CHYBY). | Correct the mistakes. |
| OSEMSMEROVKA. | Wordsearch. |
| POĆÚVAITE. | Listen. |
| PRAVDA ALEBO NEPRAVDA? | True or false? |
| PRIRAĎTE. | Match (the words, sentences, phrases, etc.). |
| PÝTAJTE SA. | Ask the questions. |
| ROZPRÁVAJTE O SEBE. | Talk about yourself. |
| ROZTRIEĎTE. | Sort (the words) out. |
| SPOJTE. | Match (the words, sentences, phrases) together. |
| TIPUJTE. | Guess. |
| TRANSFORMUJTE. | Transform (the words, sentences, phrases, etc.). |
| UTVORTE (PLURÁL). | Make (the plural forms). |
| VYBERTE (SPRÁVNU ODPOVED̃, SPRÁVNE VYSVETLENIE FRÁZ, KONIEC). | Choose (the right answer, the right explanation of the phrases, the ending of the story). |
| VYTVORTE (JEDÁLNY LISTOK). | Make (a menu). |
| ZORAĎTE. | Put (the words, sentences, phrases) in the right order. |
Vysvetlivky 解释
Symbols 符号
Po slovensky 斯洛伐克语
English 英语
(1) CO1/1 (1)二氧化碳1/1
posluchové cvičenie na CD1/nahrávka č. 1 CD1/录音 1 的听力练习
obrázkový slovnik (nové slovička v dialógu) 图解词典(对话中的生词)
vocabulary / new words from the dialogues explained in pictures 词汇/对话中的新词以图片形式解释
-
výkladový slovník (nové slovička v dialógu) 解释词典(对话中的生词)
vocabulary / new words from the dialogues explained in definitions 对话中的词汇/新词在定义中解释
Po slovensky English
(1) CO1/1 posluchové cvičenie na CD1/nahrávka č. 1 Listening - CD 1/ Track 1
rarr0 pozriet' v slovničku na strane... Glossary, page number...
https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_06_09_aa18533e5c74eb533383g-3.jpg?height=72&width=71&top_left_y=531&top_left_x=1144 samostatná práca Individual work
https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_06_09_aa18533e5c74eb533383g-3.jpg?height=63&width=66&top_left_y=637&top_left_x=1142 nepravidelné verbum Irregular verb
(1) verbum, 1. konjugačná skupina verb, Conjugation verb group I
M maskulinum / mužský rod masculine / masculine gender
https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_06_09_aa18533e5c74eb533383g-3.jpg?height=92&width=61&top_left_y=963&top_left_x=1144 maskulinum osobné / mužský rod masculine noun / personal noun / masculine gender
No maskulinum životné / mužský rod masculine animate noun / masculine gender
TT maskulinum neživotné / mužský rod masculine inanimate noun / masculine gender
F femininum / ženský rod feminine noun / feminine gender
N neutrum / stredný rod neuter moun I neuter gender
(8) počujeme What we hear.
(3) vyslovime How we pronounce it.
oo napišeme How we spell it.
0 poznámka alebo Všimnite si! Note!
restantate-4 Všimnite si! Notel
EXIKA obrázkový slovnik (nové slovička v dialógu) vocabulary / new words from the dialogues explained in pictures
- výkladový slovník (nové slovička v dialógu) vocabulary / new words from the dialogues explained in definitions| | Po slovensky | English |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| (1) CO1/1 | posluchové cvičenie na CD1/nahrávka č. 1 | Listening - CD 1/ Track 1 |
| $\rightarrow 0$ | pozriet' v slovničku na strane... | Glossary, page number... |
|  | samostatná práca | Individual work |
|  | nepravidelné verbum | Irregular verb |
| (1) | verbum, 1. konjugačná skupina | verb, Conjugation verb group I |
| M | maskulinum / mužský rod | masculine / masculine gender |
|  | maskulinum osobné / mužský rod | masculine noun / personal noun / masculine gender |
| No | maskulinum životné / mužský rod | masculine animate noun / masculine gender |
| TT | maskulinum neživotné / mužský rod | masculine inanimate noun / masculine gender |
| F | femininum / ženský rod | feminine noun / feminine gender |
| N | neutrum / stredný rod | neuter moun I neuter gender |
| (8) | počujeme | What we hear. |
| (3) | vyslovime | How we pronounce it. |
| $\infty$ | napišeme | How we spell it. |
| 0 | poznámka alebo Všimnite si! | Note! |
| restantate-4 | Všimnite si! | Notel |
| EXIKA | obrázkový slovnik (nové slovička v dialógu) | vocabulary / new words from the dialogues explained in pictures |
| - | výkladový slovník (nové slovička v dialógu) | vocabulary / new words from the dialogues explained in definitions |