A B S T R A C T 研究目的:研究湖南省中国女大学生原发性痛经的患病率及相关风险因素。
设计横断面研究。
地点中国湖南省长沙市的女大学生。
参与者:采用多阶段整群随机抽样法选出 466 名女性。
干预措施:采用自填式问卷收集数据,其中包括社会人口学信息、生活习惯、情绪特征和月经模式。
主要结果测量指标:有关月经初潮、体重指数、周期长度和规律性、原发性痛经、体育锻炼、抑郁和焦虑的信息。
结果原发性痛经在中国女大学生中的发病率为
Characteristic | Overall
|
原发性痛经 |
|
|
Yes
|
No
|
|||
Age | ||||
20 岁以下 |
3079 (69.5) |
|
|
.014 |
20 岁或以上 |
|
|
|
|
Ethnicity | ||||
Han |
|
1691 (89.0) | 2315 (91.6) | .004 |
Minority |
|
|
|
|
体重指数 | ||||
Underweight |
|
|
|
.008 |
Normal | 2826 (63.8) |
|
|
|
超重/肥胖 |
|
|
|
|
Family size | ||||
3 or fewer |
|
|
|
670 |
4 or more |
|
|
|
|
家庭年收入 | ||||
Less than
|
2738 (61.8) | 1210 (63.7) |
|
.028 |
80,000 人民币或以上 |
|
|
|
|
父亲的教育水平 |
||||
小学及以下 |
|
|
|
.178 |
中学 |
|
|
|
|
高中及以上 |
|
|
|
|
母亲的教育程度 |
||||
小学及以下 |
1012 (22.9) | 438 (23.1) |
|
412 |
中学 |
|
716 (37.7) |
|
|
高中及以上 |
|
|
|
|
产妇有痛经史 |
||||
Yes |
|
|
|
|
No |
|
|
|
|
初潮年龄 | ||||
12 岁以下 |
|
|
739 (29.2) | .025 |
12 岁或以上 |
|
|
|
|
周期规律性 | ||||
Regular |
|
1258 (66.2) | 1812 (71.7) |
|
Irregular |
|
|
|
生活习惯 | Overall
|
原发性痛经 |
|
|||
Yes
|
No
|
|||||
Smoking | ||||||
Yes |
|
|
|
256 | ||
No | 4117 (93.0) |
|
2360 (93.4) | |||
饮酒 | ||||||
Yes | 354 (8.0) |
|
|
.114 | ||
No |
|
|
2340 (92.6) | |||
咖啡因消耗量 | ||||||
Frequently |
|
|
|
.089 | ||
Infrequently | 3223 (72.8) |
|
1865 (73.8) | |||
每天坐的时间 | ||||||
少于 8 小时 |
1846 (41.7) |
|
1099 (43.5) | .005 | ||
8 小时或以上 |
|
1153 (60.7) |
|
|||
定期体育锻炼 |
||||||
Yes |
|
|
1102 (43.6) | .084 | ||
No | 2547 (57.5) |
|
|
|||
睡眠时间 | ||||||
少于 7 小时 |
|
|
|
051 | ||
7-9 hours | 3218 (72.7) |
|
1868 (73.9) | |||
9 小时或以上 |
|
|
|
|||
|
||||||
23:00 及之前 |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
1457 (57.6) | |||
不吃早餐 | ||||||
Yes | 3057 (69.0) |
|
|
|
||
No |
|
|
|
|||
Depression | ||||||
Yes |
|
|
|
.001 | ||
No |
|
|
|
|||
Anxiety | ||||||
Yes | 438 (9.9) |
|
|
.002 | ||
No |
|
|
|
Characteristic | Overall
|
VAS for pain |
|
||
Mild
|
Moderate
|
Severe
|
|||
痛经开始时间 |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
月经第一天 |
|
|
|
|
|
第二天或第三天 |
|
|
|
|
|
痛经持续时间 |
|||||
3 天或更少 |
|
|
|
|
|
超过 3 天 |
|
|
|
|
|
下腹疼痛 | |||||
Yes |
|
|
851 (87.7) |
|
|
No |
|
|
|
|
|
Headache | |||||
Yes |
|
|
|
107 (40.7) |
|
No | 1457 (76.7) |
|
|
|
|
Dizziness | |||||
Yes |
|
|
|
|
|
No |
|
|
|
|
|
恶心和呕吐 | |||||
Yes |
|
|
|
|
|
No |
|
|
|
|
|
Diarrhea | |||||
Yes |
|
|
|
|
|
No |
|
|
647 (66.7) |
|
|
Insomnia | |||||
Yes |
|
|
|
|
|
No |
|
|
714 (73.6) |
|
|
Fatigue | |||||
Yes |
|
|
|
|
|
No |
|
|
|
|
|
Irritability | |||||
Yes |
|
|
|
165 (62.7) |
|
No |
|
|
|
|
Risk Factor | B |
|
Wald | OR (95% CI) |
|
Ethnicity | |||||
Han | 1.00 | ||||
Minority | 0.289 | 0.107 | 7.332 |
|
|
体重指数 | |||||
Normal | 1.00 | ||||
Underweight | 0.222 | 0.070 | 10.238 |
|
|
超重/肥胖 | -0.035 | 0.141 | 0.062 |
|
|
家庭年收入 | |||||
80,000 人民币或以上 |
1.00 | ||||
Less than
|
0.156 | 0.071 | 4.885 |
|
.027 |
产妇有痛经史 |
|||||
No | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 0.937 | 0.068 | 191.797 |
|
|
初潮年龄 | |||||
12 岁或以上 |
1.00 | ||||
12 岁以下 |
0.149 | 0.069 | 4.623 |
|
|
周期规律性 | |||||
Regular | 1.00 | ||||
Irregular | 0.196 | 0.069 | 8.160 |
|
.004 |
不吃早餐 | |||||
No | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 0.258 | 0.072 | 12.868 |
|
|