1.

a) Explain why the Memory Hierarchy is required in a computer.
a）解释为什么计算机中需要内存层次结构。

[6 marks]
【6分】

b) In addition to the IEEE 754 floating point system, as shown in the table below, IBM established a different representation system.
B）除了IEEE 754浮点系统外，如下表所示，IBM还建立了一个不同的表示系统。

Discuss the ranges of values that can be represented in each of the two formats, in terms of the precision and the magnitude.
根据精度和大小，讨论两种格式中可以表示的值的范围。

[8 marks]
【8分】

Describe how to convert one format to the other and explain if the original precision is kept or not.
描述如何将一种格式转换为另一种格式，并说明是否保持原始精度。

[6 marks]
【6分】

Table Q1
表Q1

2.
2.第一章

a) With regard to 8-bit signed integer number operations in the binary format, demonstrate how the following number operations work. In the process, “carry” and/or “borrow” must be shown to demonstrate how the overflow issue has been addressed.
a）关于二进制格式的8位有符号整数运算，演示以下数字运算的工作原理。在此过程中，必须显示“进位”和/或“借位”，以演示如何解决溢出问题。

i) -119 ₍₁₀₎ + ( -9 ₍₁₀₎)      [4 marks]
i）-119_（10）+（-9_（10））[4分]

ii) 108 ₍₁₀₎ + 20 ₍₁₀₎      [4 marks]
ii）108_（10）+ 20_（10）[4分]

b) When communicating between different systems, the Endianness could be a problem. Explain what big-Endian and small-Endian refer to. Demonstrate the Endian issue using a 16-bit unsigned integer number 240 ₍₁₀₎ , assuming the 16-bit integer number is sent from one system (small-Endian) to another (big-Endian) without considering the difference, and each system would store in 8-bit per memory address.
B）当在不同系统之间通信时，Endianness可能是一个问题。解释big-Endian和small-Endian指的是什么。使用16位无符号整数240（10）演示Endian问题，假设16位整数从一个系统（小端）发送到另一个系统（大端），而不考虑差异，每个系统将存储在每个内存地址的8位中。

[12 marks]
[12标记]